New synthesis of estradiol from androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

A new method for the aromatization of ring A in androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, available from sterols by means of the microbiological degradation of the side chain, was developed. The method consists of the reduction of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione to the corresponding dienediol followed by double C,O-deprotonation of ring A, accompanied by expulsion of the 19-methyl group and formation of estradiol in a high yield. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 599–601, March, 1999.     

预处理条件对Mo／HZSM—5催化剂上丙烷芳构化的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５ 分子筛催化剂,考察了Ｈ２ 、Ｎ２ 、空气预处理对催化剂丙烷芳构化活性的影响。在相同处理条件下,空气气氛更有利于提高催化剂的丙烷芳构化活性。在空气焙烧过程中,氧化钼物种向分子筛内表面分散。在Ｈ２ 还原处理过程中,表面钼物种部分被还原为Ｍｏ４ ＋ 。随还原时间延长,催化剂芳构化活性升高,同时发生少量Ｍｏ 物种向分子筛孔道内迁移     

催化裂化生物质焦油构成变化

利用层析法对生物质焦油进行分析,比较了不同来源、不同裂化工况处理后焦油族分构成的差异,并对催化裂化过程机理进行探讨。生物质原料组成的不同导致热解焦油构成的差异,木屑焦油中芳香类和极性物的质量分数高于稻杆和稻壳焦油,热解温度越高产生的焦油芳香性越大。催化裂化后,芳香类族分在焦油中的质量分数增长近1倍,其他族分的质量分数出现不同幅度的下降,裂化温度950℃以上时,芳香类的质量分数已达50％。芳香类的转化速度较小,还存在其他族分向芳香类的转化,引起裂化后焦油芳香化程度增大,且这种趋势随焦油转化程度的增大而更为明显。     

ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上液化石油气低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

 考察了反应温度、空速、压力、临氢条件以及催化剂的水热处理条件对液化石油气在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油反应性能的影响. 结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响,提高反应温度有利于提高芳烃的选择性,同时芳烃中的苯、甲苯和C10+芳烃含量增加; 增大进料空速,催化剂的芳构化性能下降,芳烃中的重组分增加,二甲苯中对二甲苯含量增大. 催化剂的水热处理温度升高,其初始芳构化活性下降,而催化剂经过适当的水热处理和系统中氢气的存在均可提高催化剂催化芳构化反应的稳定性.     

ZnHZSM-5上甲醇芳构化反应的研究

通过浸渍法改性制得ZnHZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD和Py-IR方法对催化剂进行表征。在连续流动固定床反应装置上考察了Zn负载量和反应条件对甲醇芳构化反应(MTA)的影响。结果表明,0.5%Zn负载量可使芳烃收率提高5%。当Zn负载量超过2%时,不仅不能提高芳烃收率,反而促使甲醇裂解成CO和CO₂,Zn负载量为1.0%～2.0%时芳构化活性较高。最佳反应条件为液体体积空速0.36h^-1~0.6h^-1,温度350℃。并对Zn改性下的甲醇芳构化反应过程进行了探讨。     

水相条件下1,4-二氢吡啶衍生物的合成与芳构化

将醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯和醋酸铵的多组分反应引入到水相回流条件下, 合成了一系列具有生物和药物活性的1,4-二氢吡啶化合物. 在此基础之上, 向反应体系中直接加入氧化剂MnO2, “一锅法”生成了芳构化的吡啶衍生物, 将原来Hantzsch酯的合成与芳构化在“一锅”里实现, 缩减了反应步骤, 提高了反应效率.     

Photophysical properties of a series of 4‐aryl substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridines

In this article, a series of Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridines with different substituted aryl groups were synthesized and its spectral data obtained by UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies in solution. The dihydropyridines present absorption located around 350 nm and fluorescence emission in the blue–green region. A higher Stokes’ shift could be observed for the derivative 3b because of an intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state from the dimethylaniline to the dihydropyridine chromophores, which was corroborated by a linear relation of the fluorescence maxima (ν_max) versus the solvent polarity function (Δf) from the Lippert–Mataga correlation. A comparison between the experimental data and time‐dependent density functional theory‐polarizable continuum model calculations of the vertical transitions was performed to help on the elucidation of the photophysics of these compounds. For these calculations, the S₀ and S₁ states were optimized using Becke, three‐parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr/6‐31 G* and Configuration Interaction Singles/6‐31 G*, respectively. The predicted absorption maxima are in good agreement with the experimental; however, the theoretical fluorescence emission maxima do not match the experimental, which means that the excited specie cannot be related to neither a locally excited state nor to an aromatized structure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双功能WC/HZSM-5催化剂上正己烷芳构化反应性能

以HZSM-5(SiO2/Al2O3=38)为载体,偏钨酸铵为钨源制备了双功能催化剂WC/HZSM-5,考察了其催化正己烷芳构化反应性能,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量散射谱和程序升温氨脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征,探讨了制备方法和WC含量对WC/HZSM-5催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,采用原位还原碳化法制备的WC/HZSM-5(RC)催化剂上正己烷芳构化反应性能优于浸渍法制备的WC/HZSM-5(IP).5%WC/HZSM-5(RC)样品在反应初始阶段芳烃选择性为10.28%,而HZSM-5上的仅为2.56%.WC/HZSM-5(RC)催化剂上反应产物中轻质芳烃(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)含量增加,重质芳烃C9+含量降低,其催化性能优于Pt/HZSM-5催化剂.产物分布的变化可能是由于WC与分子筛间的协同作用所致.     

Synthesis of HZSM-5 zeolites with excellent DME aromatization properties by orthogonal test

Abstract

The synthesis conditions of HZSM-5 zeolite, including crystallization temperature, crystallization time and raw material ratio, were investigated by L₃₂ (4⁸) orthogonal test to specifically optimize its performance in dimethyl ether (DME) aromatization for the first time. Based on the total yield of aromatic products, the synthesis conditions of HZSM-5 zeolite with the best DME aromatization properties were obtained by comprehensive analysis and validation experiments. The relationship between the aromatization performance, crystalline structure, pore structure, and acidity of HZSM-5 zeolite were analyzed. The results showed that the HZSM-5 zeolite accompanied by hierarchical structure, an appropriate Brønsted and Lewis acid content and uniform crystal morphology, was successfully synthesized under optimized conditions. Over this unmodified and un-doped catalyst, the conversion of DME approached to 99.3% and the total yield of aromatics reached was 53.5%.     

稀土对HZSM—5上正己烷芳构化性能的影响

以正己烷为原料,在连续流动常压反应装置上考察了稀土改性HZSM－5沸石催化剂的芳构化和裂解性能,用红光谱,X射线衍射,X光电子能谱等研究了这些离子改性的沸石催化剂的表面性质,比较了机械混合法和浸渍法引入稀土对催化剂性能的影响,稀土可提高混合法制备的改性催化剂的芳构化性能,B酸中心是正已烷构化的活性中心,L酸中心则对正己烷的裂解起重要作用。