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81.
A method for preconcentration of poorly volatile impurities by continuous thermodesorption of the major component on a TLC
plate is proposed. The method provides multiple (200–500) concentration of the organic impurities present in the initial solution.
A simple device for such concentration is suggested.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2075–2076, October, 1998. 相似文献
82.
Ricardo J. Cassella Otoniel D. de Sant''Ana Ricardo E. Santelli 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2002,57(12):1967-1978
This paper reports the development of a methodology for the determination of arsenic in petroleum refinery aqueous streams containing large amounts of unknown volatile organic compounds, employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with polarized Zeeman-effect background correction. In order to make the procedure applicable, the influence of chemical modification and the drying step was examined. Also, pyrolysis and atomization temperatures and the amount of nitric acid added to the sample were optimized using a multivariate approach based on Doehlert matrix. Obtained results indicate that, in this kind of sample, arsenic must be determined by standard addition procedure with a careful control of the drying step temperature and ramp pattern. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the procedure, a test was performed in six spiked samples of petroleum refinery aqueous streams and the relative errors verified in the analysis of such samples (added As between 12.5 and 190 μg l−1) ranged from −7.2 to +16.7%. The detection limit and the relative standard deviation were also calculated and the values are 68 pg and 7.5% (at 12.5 μg l−1 level), respectively. 相似文献
83.
Xuejun Pan Dan Xie Neil Gilkes David J. Gregg Jack N. Saddler 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2005,124(1-3):1069-1079
Pretreatment of Douglas-fir by steam explosion produces a substrate containing approx 43% lignin. Two strategies were investigated
for reducing the effect of this residual lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: mild alkali extraction and protein addition.
Extraction with cold 1% NaOH reduced the lignin content by only approx 7%, but cellulose to glucose conversion was enhanced
by about 30%. Before alkali extraction, addition of exogenous protein resulted in a significant improvement in cellulose hydrolysis,
but this protein effect was substantially diminished after alkali treatment. Lignin appears to reduce cellulose hydrolysis
by two distinct mechanisms: by forming a physical barrier that prevents enzyme access and by non-productively binding cellulolytic
enzymes. Cold alkali appears to selectively remove a fraction of lignin from steam-exploded Douglas-fir with high affinity
for protein. Corresponding data for mixed softwood pretreated by organosolv extraction indicates that the relative importance
of the two mechanisms by which residual lignin affects hydrolysis is different according to the pre- and post-treatment method
used. 相似文献
84.
Kenji Koga Kazunori Odashima 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1989,7(1):53-60
A series of water-soluble cyclophanes, made by connecting two diarylmethane units and two bridging chains via four nitrogens, were found to provide hydrophobic cavities of definite shape and size for forming inclusion complexes with various organic compounds in aqueous solution. Some chemical modifications of these cyclophanes are described.This paper is dedicated to Professor D. J. Cram to celebrate his honor in receiving the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 相似文献
85.
The apparent molar heat capacities of dilute aqueous solutions of acetic, propanoic and succinic acid and sodium salts of the two monofunctional acids were measured at 300 Kp,2
o
. After subtracting the heat capacity of a point mass, the remaining heat capacity was successfully decomposed into functional group contributions at all temperatures. Together with the results of our previous paper on alcohols and diols the heat capacity contributions of the CH2, CH3, OH, COOH, (COOH)2, and COONa groups are now available and these allow reasonably accurate predictions of the heat capacities of all compounds composed of these groups in this temperature range. 相似文献
86.
Masahisa Kakiuchi 《Journal of solution chemistry》1994,23(10):1073-1087
The D/H ratios of hydrogen gas in equilibrium with aqueous sodium chloride solutions of 2, 4 and 6 molalities were determined within the range 10 to 95°C, using a hydrophobic platinum catalyst. With each of the different sodium chloride concentrations, the hydrogen isotope effect between the solution and pure water changes linearly with the square of the reciprocal temperature. On the basis of the results for hydrogen isotope fractionation observed in this study, and those of hydrogen isotope fractionation between pure water and vapor, it is concluded that the structure of the aqueous sodium chloride solution does not change significantly with temperature. The hydrogen isotope effect is evidently different from the results of vapor pressure isotope effects (VPIE) on sodium chloride solutions measured on separated isotopes. The difference between the present work and the VPIE studies is probably due to a non-ideal behavior in a mixture of isotopic water molecules and/or to a H2O-D2O disproportionation reaction in sodium chloride solutions. The distinction between the latter two mechanisms can not be differentiated at present. 相似文献
87.
以氨水和硝酸锌为前躯体,采用低温水溶液法在涂敷ZnO晶种层的玻璃衬底上外延生长了ZnO纳米棒晶阵列。应用SEM、TEM、SAED和XRD表征了ZnO纳米晶的形貌和结构。讨论了该组成体系水溶液法纳米棒外延生长的机理及其对棒晶形貌的影响。通过对水溶液pH值的原位二次调整,制备出了ZnO纳米管和表面绒毛状的棒晶阵列,基于生长机理探讨了它们的形成原因,为实现不同形貌ZnO纳米晶阵列的优化控制提供了可能的技术途径。结果表明,不同形貌的ZnO均属沿c轴择优取向的六方纤锌矿结构。 相似文献
88.
The effects of high-voltage pulsed discharge (HVPD) activation on the Raman spectra of saturated aqueous solutions of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4/H2O) in the range of the ν1(A) totally symmetric vibrations of the SO 4 2? anion and on the spectra of potassium thiocyanate KSCN/H2O in the region of the ν1(C≡N) vibrations of the SCN? anion have been studied. The temperature dependences of the width and frequency of the corresponding spectral lines have been investigated. 相似文献
89.
Thermal oxidative treatment enhances the activity of a schungite rock in the sorption of petrochemicals from aqueous solutions.
The effect of the thermal oxidative activation on the content and distribution of carbon in the rock and the dependence of
the sorption activity on the texture of sorbents were studied.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2233–2238, October, 2005. 相似文献
90.
Excess molar volumes VmE of the binary mixtures of (trifluoroethanol + 1-propanol), (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol), (acetone + water), (methanol + water), (ethanol + water), (1-propanol + water), (2-propanol + water), and the ternary mixtures of (trifluoroethanol + methanol + water), (trifluoroethanol + ethanol + water), (trifluoroethanol~+ 1-propanol + water), (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol + water) and (trifluoroethanol + acetone + water) were measured with a vibrating tube densimeter at the temperature of 298.15 K and the pressure 101 kPa. The extrema in VmE of trifluoroethanol mixtures occur at –0.690 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol + 1-propanol), at –0.990~cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol + 2-propanol); at 0.562 and –0.973 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol + methanol + water), at 0.629 and –0.973 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol + ethanol + water), at 1.082 and –0.659 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol~+ 1-propanol + water), at 0.998 and –0.991 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol~+ 2-propanol + water), and at 0.515 and –1.472 cm3-mol–1 for (trifluoroethanol + acetone + water). The experimental ternary VmE values were predicted by empirical expressions using binary solution data. 相似文献