金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在锂离子电池及锂金属电池电解液中的应用

总结了金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在锂离子电池电解液中的研究进展.通过归纳锂离子电池长期存在的一些缺陷,随后将MOFs材料作为离子筛、人造负极保护层、准固态电解质以及用来调节电解液构型,使得锂离子电池的性能得到显著提升.最后,基于MOFs材料本身的特性,还对MOFs材料在电化学储能领域中的后续应用进行了合理地前瞻性展望...     

Fabrication of carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite by sol-gel method for anode in lithium ion battery

Carbon microcapsules containing silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite (Si-CNT@C) have been fabricated by a surfactant mediated sol-gel method followed by a carbonization process. Silicon nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes (Si-CNT) nanohybrids were produced by a wet-type beadsmill method. To obtain Si-CNT nanocomposites with spherical morphologies, a silica precursor (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) and polymer (PMMA) mixture was employed as a structure-directing medium. Thus the Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer microspheres were prepared by an acid catalyzed sol-gel method. Then a carbon precursor such as polypyrrole (PPy) was incorporated onto the surfaces of pre-existing Si-CNT/silica-polymer to generate Si-CNT/Silica-Polymer@PPy microspheres. Subsequent thermal treatment of the precursor followed by wet etching of silica produced Si-CNT@C microcapsules. The intermediate silica/polymer must disappear during the carbonization and etching process resulting in the formation of an internal free space. The carbon precursor polymer should transform to carbon shell to encapsulate remaining Si-CNT nanocomposites. Therefore, hollow carbon microcapsules containing Si-CNT nanocomposites could be obtained (Si-CNT@C). The successful fabrication was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These final materials were employed for anode performance improvement in lithium ion battery. The cyclic performances of these Si-CNT@C microcapsules were measured with a lithium battery half cell tests.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives from catechol and ketones or aldehydes

An efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of a diverse library of 1,3-benzodioxoles was developed by applying controlled microwave heating in comparison with currently available conventional heating. Reactions were completed in less than 3 h. The isolation of product is simple, the isolated yields are good to excellent, and this method is applicable to large scale production.     

Microwave assisted mild, rapid, solvent-less, and catalyst-free chemoselective N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines

Microwave assisted simple, rapid, solventless, and catalyst-free chemoselective method for the protection of amino group in aromatic, aliphatic, heterocyclic, aralkyl amines, phenyl hydrazine, and amino acid esters in good to excellent isolated yield (83-98%) in short reaction time (2-12 min) has been reported.     

中间相Si-Cu合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理平面波赝势法,对中间相Si-Cu合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的嵌脱锂机理进行研究.结果表明,4个Si-Cu合金相中Si0.125Cu0.875合金相具有最低的体积膨胀系数及最低的嵌锂电位,导电性在4个合金相中排第二位,具有最佳的电化学综合性能.     

Nano-crystalline FeOOH mixed with SWNT matrix as a superior anode material for lithium batteries

Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles(5～10 nm) have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly using the FeOOH/SWNT composite(containing 15 wt%SWNTs) as anode material for lithium battery enhances kinetics of the Li+insertion/extraction processes, thereby effectively improving reversible capacity and cycle performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 758 mAh g-1under a current density of 400 mA g-1even after 180 cycles, being comparable with previous reports in terms of electrochemical performance for FeOOH anode. The good electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the small particle size and nano-crystalline of FeOOH, as well as the good electronic conductivity of SWNT matrix.     

锂离子电池低温性能改善研究进展

锂离子电池因其能量密度高,循环寿命长等优点已成为新型动力电池领域的研究热点,但其温度特性尤其是低温性能较差制约着锂离子电池的进一步使用. 本文综述了锂离子电池低温性能的研究进展,系统地分析了锂离子电池低温性能的主要限制因素. 从正极、电解液、负极三个方面讨论了近年来研究者们提高电池低温性能的改性方法. 并对提高锂离子电池低温性能的发展方向进行了展望.     

SnS2/GCP(石墨烯复合粉末)微米复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能

以石墨烯复合粉末为添加剂,采用一步水热法制备了一种SnS₂/GCP微米复合材料。在所得到的复合材料中,SnS₂纳米片相互缠绕组成多孔球状SnS₂颗粒,石墨烯复合粉末均匀的包裹在球状SnS₂颗粒表面。将所制备的SnS₂/GCP微米复合材料用作锂离子电池负极材料测其电化学性能。结果显示,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下可逆比容量为795.6 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后比容量损失不到1%。相比于SnS₂其比容量和循环稳定性得到了明显改善,主要是由于石墨烯复合粉末的加入,不仅缓解了SnS₂颗粒在充放电过程中的团聚和体积膨胀,而且还提高了SnS₂颗粒的电导率。     

α-氧化铁介孔纳米材料的制备及其在锂/钠离子电池中的电化学性能

采用硬模板法合成了具有六方排列的平行圆柱形有序孔道介孔α-氧化铁(α-Fe_2O_3),并将其用作锂离子、钠离子电池的负极材料。所制备的介孔α-Fe_2O_3凭借其独特的有序介孔结构,有效缓解电极在充放电过程中的体积效应,提高了电解液浸润性,促进锂/钠离子的转移和传输,从而在锂离子及钠离子电池中均表现出优异的电化学性能。作为锂离子电池负极时,其首圈放电比容量为983.9 mAh·g~(-1)。经过100次循环后,其放电比容量为1 188.0 mAh·g~(-1)。在钠离子电池中,其首圈放电比容量为687.7mAh·g~(-1)。经过50次循环后,仍有316.9 mAh·g~(-1)的放电比容量。     

镁热还原气相法白炭黑制备纳米硅及其电化学性能

以气相法白炭黑(FS)为Si前驱体,通过镁热还原工艺和对获得的NPs-Si进行SiOx和C复合包覆,制备出NPs-Si@SiOx@C纳米复合结构,将其用作锂电池负极进行电化学性能测试。研究结果表明:镁热还原过程分两步进行,即SiO_2与Mg先生成Mg2Si中间相,Mg2Si继续与SiO_2反应生成Si的反应路径;根据此规律镁热还原气相法白炭黑的Si转化率达87.9%。电化学性能测试中NPs-Si@SiOx@C负极在2.0 A·g-1的电流密度下有1 300 mAh·g-1的容量平台,1 000次循环后的放电比容量为964.2mAh·g-1,容量保持率达75%。