A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO P_(co_2) EVOLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON ASSOCIATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALS

Based on the theory of pH evolution of sea water and the balance between the seawater and the atmosphere the authors discussed the problems about (i) the method ofcalculating P_(CO_2) in the ancient atmosphere with the associations of sedimentary miner-als; (ii) the evolution of P_(CO_2) values in the geologic history; (iii) the relations of thepH evolution of sea water with carbonate precipitations; and (iv) calculation of the pHlimit for some associations of sedimentary minerals and its corresponding P_(CO_2) valuesin the atmosphere. The authors pointed out that though carbonates had deposited little in the Archaean,the content of CO_2 gas in the Archaean atmosphere was very high and was gradually go-ing up to form a thick CO_2 atmosphere. Up to 2600 Ma ago, the P_(CO_2) had reached a gradeof 10- 50 atm. There was a general trend of evolution that from the early Proterozoicera to the present the depositional horizon of carbonate layers was gradually risingand finally surpassed the horizons of clay min     

大气运动非线性稳定性研究中的能量-Casimir方法

介绍使用能量－Ｃａｓｉｍｉｒ方法（Ａｒｎｏｌ＇ｄ方法）研究大气与海洋运动非线性稳定性所取得的若干新进展，建立了适用于有限振幅、任意空间结构扰动的非线性稳定性判据．用初始状态给出了扰动场在任意时刻的上界与下界估计，提供了关于扰动变化性态的有关信息．对该领域理论研究与应用的深化与发展问题也作了讨论．     

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated. The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu⁰/Cu⁺ ratio on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and little on the type of heat treatment atmosphere. The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures, and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis. The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.     

Propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams in turbulent atmosphere

To study the propagation properties of partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian (PLG) beams through turbulent atmosphere, the analytical formulas are derived for the angular width and the beam-propagation factor (M²-factor) of PLG beams by using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function (WDF). The corresponding numerical results are also calculated. When propagation distance increases, the angular width is found to spread faster for PLG beams with higher beam order, smaller correlation length and bigger structure constant The angular width of PLG beams decreases with increase in waist width (w₀).The M²-factor of PLG beams with higher beam order and smaller correlation length is less affected by turbulence with increase in propagation distance. The propagation properties of the M²-factor for PLG beams with the smaller structure constant are better than that with bigger structure constant . The M²-factor of PLG beams decreases with increase in the wavelength λ, and it is also less affected by turbulence for beams with higher order and smaller correlation length. Furthermore, for the PLG beams with the same beam order, the angular width and the M²-factor keep invariable in free space.     

蒙特卡罗模拟光通过大气后的时间分布

采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了光通过光学特性参数不同的大气后透射光时间分布.分析了大气的散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子及折射率对透射光时间分布的影响.结果表明:透射光时间分布曲线存在两个峰,分别对应子弹光与漫射光.各光学参数界定了子弹光、蛇形光、漫射光的大小和时间范围,并从统计模拟的角度解释了折射率大的大气中难以成像的因为.     

激光制备类金刚石膜技术研究

现有技术制备的类金刚石(DLC)膜由于含氢、硬度低、内应力大、附着力差等特点,严重限制了其光学工程应用.激光法是近年发展的一种制备DLC膜的新方法,相比其他制备方法具有诸多优点.综合分析了激光制备DLC膜过程中,激光波长、脉宽、功率密度、衬底温度和偏压等因素对薄膜质量的影响规律.采用氧气氛辅助沉积、元素掺杂和双波长激光...     

Valence control of cobalt oxide thin films by annealing atmosphere

The cobalt oxide (CoO and Co₃O₄) thin films were successfully prepared using a spin-coating technique by a chemical solution method with CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH and Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O as starting materials. The grayish cobalt oxide films had uniform crystalline grains with less than 50 nm in diameter. The phase structure is able to tailor by controlling the annealing atmosphere and temperature, in which Co₃O₄ thin film was obtained by annealing in air at 300-600, and N₂ at 300, and transferred to CoO thin film by raising annealing temperature in N₂. The fitted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the Co2p electrons are distinguishable from different valence states of cobalt oxide especially for their satellite structure. The valence control of cobalt oxide thin films by annealing atmosphere contributes to the tailored optical absorption property.     

CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响

在水平管式炉上进行徐州烟煤在Ar和CO_2气氛下的热解试验,研究CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响。结果发现,两种气氛下,NH_3的收率随温度的升高均先升高后减小,在800℃时达到一个最大值,Ar气氛下此最大值比CO_2气氛下大很多;两种气氛下,HCN的收率均随温度的升高而升高。两种气氛下随着温度的升高,HCN与NH_3的收率比均升高,但在CO_2气氛下收率比更大,说明CO_2的氧化作用和气化作用促进了燃料N向HCN的转化。     

减压氩气环境下激光显微光谱分析再现性和灵敏度的研究

以金属合金光谱分析标样为样品，采用激光显微发射光谱分析系统在减压氩气环境下，实验研究了光谱分析再现性和灵敏度。以原子线作为分析线的RSD减压氩气环境好于常压空气环境，以离子线作为分析线的RSD基本相同，样品的组成和元素的浓度对分析线的RSD有较大的影响。测定的铝合金样品Cu,Zn,Mg浓度曲线斜率是空气环境下的1．5－2倍，表明分析灵敏度得到明显改善，有利于激光显微光谱分析范围的扩展。     

激光雷达对中层顶大气密度起伏的探测

利用钠荧光散射激光雷达对中层顶（７５～１０５ｋｍ）高度的钠原子层进行探测，以钠原子作为示踪物，通过反演得到了该区域大气密度起伏随高度分布和随时间变化关系．结果表明，中层顶附近大气密度起伏远大于平流层和对流层，在２ｈ内，密度起伏可达５％，３日平均Ｒｉｃｈｏｒｄｓｏｎ数为０．４６．