强正则自补图的一个注记

Kotzig put forward a question on strongly-regular self-complementary graphs, that is, for any natural number k, whether there exists a strongly-regular self- complementary graph whose order is 4k 1, where 4k 1=x2 y2, x and y are positive integers; what is the minimum number that made there exist at least two non-isomorphic strongly-regular self-complementary graphs. In this paper, we use two famous lemmas to generalize the existential conditions for strongly-regular self-complementary circular graphs with 4k 1 orders.     

Some approaches to a conjecture on short cycles in digraphs

We consider the following special case of a conjecture due to Caccetta and Häggkvist: Let D be a digraph on n vertices that all have in-degree and out-degree at least n/3. Then, D contains a directed cycle of length 2 or 3. We discuss several necessary conditions for possible counterexamples to this conjecture, in terms of cycle structure, diameter, maximum degree, clique number, toughness, and local structure. These conditions have not enabled us to prove or refute the conjecture, but they lead to proofs of special instances of the conjecture.     

Tube Representations of Ordered Sets

We define the (n,i,f)-tube orders, which include interval orders, trapezoid orders, triangle orders, weak orders, order dimension n, and interval-order-dimension n as special cases. We investigate some basic properties of (n,i,f)-tube orders, and begin classifying them by containment. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 06A06, 05C62.     

Classification of regular maps of negative prime Euler characteristic

We give a classification of all regular maps on nonorientable surfaces with a negative odd prime Euler characteristic (equivalently, on nonorientable surfaces of genus where is an odd prime). A consequence of our classification is that there are no regular maps on nonorientable surfaces of genus where is a prime such that (mod ) and .

     

算术三角形在中国古代数学中的演变与应用

以贾宪、杨辉、朱世杰、王文素、李善兰等数学家及其重要著作为线索，探讨了算术三角形在中国古代数学中的演变和应用，以及算术三角形理论的形成与发展。     

三角形Toeplize矩阵的三角本原指数

讨论了三角形 Toeplize矩阵与一元多项式的关系以及非负三角形 Toeplize矩阵的三角本原指数 ,证明了 n阶非负上三角 Toeplize矩阵的三角本原指数集 Sn={1 ,2 ,… ,k-1 ,k,k1,k2 ,… ,ks,n-1 },其中 k是满足 k >4n -3 -12 和 n -1k +1 =n -1k 的最小整数 .     

Non-Unit Free Triangle Orders

A Free Triangle order is a partially ordered set in which every element can be represented by a triangle. All triangles lie between two parallel baselines, with each triangle intersecting each baseline in exactly one point. Two elements in the partially ordered set are incomparable if and only if their corresponding triangles intersect. A unit free triangle order is one with such a representation in which all triangles have the same area. In this paper, we present an example of a non-unit free triangle order.     

Triangle group representations and constructions of regular maps

A regular map of type {m,n} is a 2-cell embedding of a graphin an orientable surface, with the property that for any twodirected edges e and e' there exists an orientation-preservingautomorphism of the embedding that takes e onto e', and in whichthe face length and the vertex valence are m and n, respectively.Such maps are known to be in a one-to-one correspondence withtorsion-free normal subgroups of the triangle groups T(2,m,n).We first show that some of the known existence results aboutregular maps follow from residual finiteness of triangle groups.With the help of representations of triangle groups in speciallinear groups over algebraic extensions of Z we then constructivelydescribe homomorphisms from T(2,m,n)=y,z|y^m=zⁿ=(yz)²=1 intofinite groups of order at most c^r where c=c(m,n), such thatno non-identity word of length at most r in x,y is mapped ontothe identity. As an application, for any hyperbolic pair {m,n}and any r we construct a finite regular map of type {m,n} ofsize at most C^r, such that every non-contractible closed curveon the supporting surface of the map intersects the embeddedgraph in more than r points. We also show that this result isthe best possible up to determining C=C(m,n). For r>m thegraphs of the above regular maps are arc-transitive, of valencen, and of girth m; moreover, if each prime divisor of m is largerthan 2n then these graphs are non-Cayley. 2000 Mathematics SubjectClassification: 05C10, 05C25, 20F99, 20H25.     

Stability criteria for differential equations with variable time delays

Time delays are an important aspect of mathematical modelling, but often result in highly complicated equations which are difficult to treat analytically. In this paper it is shown how careful application of certain undergraduate tools such as the Method of Steps and the Principle of the Argument can yield significant results. Certain delay differential equations arising in population dynamics may serve as good teaching examples for these methods. The determination of linear stability properties for an ordinary differential equation with a varying time delay is carried out through discrete point analysis, either by seeking explicit solutions or leading to the consideration of a difference equation and the roots of a characteristic polynomial. Numerical simulations carried out using MATLAB Simulink are compared to the analytical solutions, and computation is also used to suggest extensions to some results.