氢氟酸盐和三价碘实现的β,γ-不饱和羧酸脱羧氟化反应

介绍了一种基于氧化脱羧过程的合成含氟烯丙基化合物的新方法.利用三乙胺三氢氟酸盐为氟化试剂,在碘苯二乙酸为氧化剂的条件下,对β,γ-不饱和羧酸进行脱羧氟化,反应收率53%～76%.并且开发了一系列含氟烯丙基化合物的应用方法,包括环加成、氧化、还原以及通过活化烯烃实现的氟原子的取代反应（构建C―O,C―S,C―Se,C―N键）.     

Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Hydroalkenylation of Imines with Styrene and Its Derivatives

A nickel(0)‐catalyzed hydroalkenylation of imines with styrene and its derivatives is described. A wide range of aromatic and aliphatic imines directly coupled with styrene and its derivatives, thus providing various synthetically useful allylic amines with up to 95 % yield. The reaction offers a new atom‐ and step‐economical approach to allylic amines by using alkenes instead of alkenyl‐metallic reagents. Experiments and DFT calculations showed that TsNH₂ promotes the proton transfer from the coordinated olefin to the imine, accompanied by a new C?C bond formation.     

Hyperbranched copolymers made from A_2, B_2 and BB'_2 type monomers (iv)——Copolymerization of divinyl sulfone with 4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidine and N-ethylethylenediamine

The new approach for synthesis of hyperbranched polymers from commercially available A2 and BB'2 type monomers was extended to synthesize hyperbranched copolymers. In this work, hyperbranched copoly(sulfone-amine) was prepared by copolymerization of divinyl sulfone (A2) with 4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidine (B2) and N-ethylethylenediamine (BB'2). During the reaction,secondary-amino groups of B2 and BB'2 monomers react rapidly with vinyl groups of A2 monomers within 35 s, generating a type of intermediate containing one vinyl group and two reactive hydrogen atoms. Now the intermediates can be regarded as a new BB2 type monomer, whichfurther polymerizes to form hyperbranched copoly(sulfone-amine). The polymerization mechanism was investigated with FTIR and LC-MSD. The degree of branching (DB) of hyperbranched copolymers increased with decreasing the ratio of 4, 4'-trimethylenedipiperidine to N-ethylethylenediamine, so DB can be controlled. When the initial mole ratio of B2 to BB2 was equal to or higher than f     

Highly Efficient Redox Isomerisation of Allylic Alcohols Catalysed by Pyrazole‐Based Ruthenium(IV) Complexes in Water: Mechanisms of Bifunctional Catalysis in Water

The catalytic activity of ruthenium(IV) ([Ru(η³:η³‐C₁₀H₁₆)Cl₂L]; C₁₀H₁₆=2,7‐dimethylocta‐2,6‐diene‐1,8‐diyl, L=pyrazole, 3‐methylpyrazole, 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole, 3‐methyl‐5‐phenylpyrazole, 2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)phenol or indazole) and ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(η⁶‐arene)Cl₂(3,5‐dimethylpyrazole)]; arene=C₆H₆, p‐cymene or C₆Me₆) in the redox isomerisation of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds in water is reported. The former show much higher catalytic activity than ruthenium(II) complexes. In particular, a variety of allylic alcohols have been quantitatively isomerised by using [Ru(η³:η³‐C₁₀H₁₆)Cl₂(pyrazole)] as a catalyst; the reactions proceeded faster in water than in THF, and in the absence of base. The isomerisations of monosubstituted alcohols take place rapidly (10–60 min, turn‐over frequency=750–3000 h^?1) and, in some cases, at 35 °C in 60 min. The nature of the aqueous species formed in water by this complex has been analysed by ESI‐MS. To analyse how an aqueous medium can influence the mechanism of the bifunctional catalytic process, DFT calculations (B3LYP) including one or two explicit water molecules and using the polarisable continuum model have been carried out and provide a valuable insight into the role of water on the activity of the bifunctional catalyst. Several mechanisms have been considered and imply the formation of aqua complexes and their deprotonated species generated from [Ru(η³:η³‐C₁₀H₁₆)Cl₂(pyrazole)]. Different competitive pathways based on outer‐sphere mechanisms, which imply hydrogen‐transfer processes, have been analysed. The overall isomerisation implies two hydrogen‐transfer steps from the substrate to the catalyst and subsequent transfer back to the substrate. In addition to the conventional Noyori outer‐sphere mechanism, which involves the pyrazolide ligand, a new mechanism with a hydroxopyrazole complex as the active species can be at work in water. The possibility of formation of an enol, which isomerises easily to the keto form in water, also contributes to the efficiency in water.     

PEG‐4000‐promoted palladium‐catalyzed N‐allylation in water: aminonaphthalene as an example

An environmentally friendly, efficient catalytic process using palladium associated with ligands in a PEG4000–water system leading to N‐allylation was described in this study. PEG‐4000 was found to improve the palladium‐catalyzed allylic amination of allylic acetates with aminonaphthalenes and gave overall good to high yields of the corresponding N‐allylic aminonaphthalenes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary α-Hydroxyketones from Unfunctionalized Ketones: Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Enolates

Aiming high: The title reaction for the synthesis of tertiary α-hydroxyketones is reported. Protected 1,2-enediol carbonates, the starting materials, were accessed from simple and readily available enol carbonates. Highly functionalized tertiary α-hydroxyketones can be obtained in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity using this method.     

Fe(Ⅲ)催化的烯丙醇的Friedel-Crafts环化反应合成多取代茚

在FeCl3·6H2O催化下,多取代的烯丙醇可以顺利进行分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应,以中等到优良的产率得到一系列多取代茚化合物,该反应操作简单、反应条件温和.产物结构经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,HR MS及X射线单晶衍射分析确证.     

含芴和双酚AF型氮杂萘酮的两亲嵌段聚芳醚砜酮离聚物的合成与性能

采取"二锅二步"的聚合方法以双酚芴、4,4'-二氯二苯砜、双酚AF型二氮杂萘酮、二氟二苯酮磺酸钠为原料制备了含芴-聚芳醚砜憎水链段和双酚AF型二氮杂萘酮-磺化聚芳醚酮亲水链段的两亲嵌段聚芳醚砜酮离聚物,通过调整4种单体的比例以及预聚合、再缩合聚合工艺制备了一系列具有不同链段尺寸的芴-双酚AF型氮杂萘酮-两亲嵌段聚芳醚砜酮离聚物质子交换膜材料.通过黏度测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢谱(1H-NMR)、热失重(TGA)等分析方法,对离聚物的结构和性能进行了表征,用蒸发溶剂法制备了质子交换膜,并考察膜的各种性能.实验结果表明,该系列离聚物的结构可控,热稳定性良好,5 wt%热失重温度均高于250℃;由其制备的质子交换膜具有良好的耐醇性和耐甲醇渗透性能、优异的抗氧化性和水解稳定性、以及适当的质子导电率和吸水率,室温下该系列膜的甲醇渗透率在0.23×10-6～0.28×10-6cm2/s,比Nafion 117具有更好的耐甲醇渗透性能;80℃下该系列膜的质子导电率与30℃时相比呈现倍增趋势,离聚物8e膜的质子导电率在80℃下达到了1.83×10-3S/cm.     

不同溶剂对聚醚砜酮基炭膜结构及气体分离性能的影响

为考察不同溶剂对聚醚砜酮(PPESK)炭膜结构和性能的影响,以PPESK为前驱体,分别以NMP,CHCl3,C2H2Cl4,DMAc为溶剂制备气体分离炭膜。并采用红外光谱、热重分析、X射线衍射和气体渗透等测试手段对所制膜的化学结构、炭膜的微结构和气体的分离性能进行了表征。结果表明,溶剂的溶度参数、沸点、挥发性以及原膜中溶剂的含量等导致所制备聚合物膜形成不同的化学结构,改变它在预氧化和炭化过程的结构变化规律,使形成炭膜表现出不同的炭结构、孔隙结构和表观柔韧性,最终影响炭膜的气体渗透性和分离选择性。     

在氢化钙-硅胶存在下的烯丙醇催化不对称环氧化

自从 Sharpless 不对称环氧化被发现以来,这个反应已被广泛地应用于手性天然产物的合成。最近,Sharpless 及其同工作者又将原方法中使用的等摩尔量四异丙氧基钛和酒石酸酯减少到催化量,并加入3(?)或4(?)分子筛。这一改进可减少敏感性环氧醇产物的破环,使产物易于分离。从而使这个方法变得更为经济简便。我们曾报道过的改良 Sharpless