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91.
Immobilization and Continuous Recycling of Photoredox Catalysts in Ionic Liquids for Applications in Batch Reactions and Flow Systems: Catalytic Alkene Isomerization by Using Visible Light
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M. Sc. David C. Fabry B. Sc. Meria A. Ronge Prof. Dr. Magnus Rueping 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(14):5350-5354
A catalytic (E)‐ to (Z)‐isomerization of olefins using a photoredox catalyst under mild reaction conditions is presented. A variety of (Z)‐alkenes can be prepared in the presence of visible light. A new reaction system allows an easy and efficient scale‐up, as well as a continuous flow process in which the photocatalyst is immobilized in an ionic liquid and continuously recycled by simple phase separation. 相似文献
92.
An Alkene‐Promoted Borane‐Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Alkynes to Give Z‐ and E‐Alkenes
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Dr. Yongbing Liu Lianrui Hu Prof. Dr. Hui Chen Prof. Dr. Haifeng Du 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(8):3495-3501
The stereoselective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is an extremely useful transformation in synthetic chemistry. Despite numerous reports for the synthesis of Z‐alkenes, the hydrogenation of alkynes to give E‐alkenes is still not well resolved. In particular, selective preparation of both Z‐ and E‐alkenes by the same catalytic hydrogenation system using molecular H2 has rarely been reported. In this paper, a novel strategy of using simple alkenes as promoters for the HB(C6F5)2‐catalyzed metal‐free hydrogenation of alkynes was adopted. Significantly, both Z‐ and E‐alkenes can be furnished by hydrogenation with molecular H2 in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Further experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies suggest that interactions between H and F atoms of the alkene promoter, borane intermediate, and H2 play an essential role in promoting the hydrogenolysis reaction. 相似文献
93.
Alexey Bobrovsky Valery Shibaev Martin Cigl Vra Hamplov Vladimíra Novotn 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2019,57(19):1337-1342
New photochromic polymethacrylates with different spacer length having azobenzene side groups and lateral methyl substituents were synthesized. The phase behavior of polymethacrylates and their photooptical properties were studied and compared with unsubstituted analogues. It is shown that an introduction of lateral methyl substituents results in almost complete suppression of liquid crystalline (LC) phase formation and strong decrease of photoinduced dichroism values. It is found that rates of the photoinduced E‐Z isomerization and back thermal Z‐E isomerization are almost independent on spacer lengths. Due to the presence of lateral substituents, the photoinduced azobenzene Z‐form shows remarkable long lifetime, and back thermal conversion at room temperature takes more than 10 days. Specific peculiarities of the photoorientation process in polymer films under the polarized UV and visible light action were studied and their mechanism is suggested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1337–1342 相似文献
94.
Xin-Yi Du Prof. Dr. Quan-Song Li 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(56):12891-12897
N,C-chelate organoboron compounds are widely employed as photoresponsive and optoelectronic materials due to their efficient photochromic reactivity. It was found in experiments that two diphenyl-substituted organoboron compounds, namely B(ppy)Ph2 (ppy=2-phenylpyridyl) and B(iba)Ph2 (iba=N-isopropylbenzylideneamine), show distinct photochemical reactivity. B(ppy)Ph2 is inert on irradiation, whereas B(iba)Ph2 undergoes photoinduced transformations, yielding BN-cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene via a borirane intermediate. In this work, the complete active space self-consistent field and its second-order perturbation (CASPT2//CASSCF) methods were used to investigate the photoinduced reaction mechanisms of B(ppy)Ph2 and B(iba)Ph2. The calculations showed that the two compounds isomerize to borirane in the same way by passing a transition state in the S1 state and a conical intersection between the S1 and S0 states. The energy barriers in the S1 state of 0.54 and 0.26 eV for B(ppy)Ph2 and B(iba)Ph2, respectively, were explained by analyzing the charge distributions of minima in S0 and S1 states. The results provide helpful insights into the excited-state dynamics of organoboron compounds, which could assist in rational design of boron-based photoresponsive materials. 相似文献
95.
We report extensive computational studies of some novel intermolecular systems and their properties. Recombination of alkali-halide counterions separated by a noncovalently trapped hydrocarbon molecule is prevented by significant potential energy barriers, resulting in unusual metastable insertion complexes. These systems are extremely polar, while the inserted molecule is strongly counter-polarized, leading to significant cooperative nonadditivity effects. The compression and electric field produced by the counterions favours isomerization of the trapped molecule via a significant reduction of the barriers to bond rearrangement, in a field-induced mechanochemical process. The predicted IR intensity spectra clearly reflect (1) formation of the insertion complex, rather than simple attachment of alkali halide, and (2) isomerization of the trapped molecule, thus allowing experimental access to these events. 相似文献
96.
Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Functionalization of N‐Allylcarbamates by Mechanistically Divergent Multicatalysis
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Dr. Edward Richmond Ismat Ullah Khan Dr. Joseph Moran 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(35):12274-12277
A pair of mechanistically divergent multicatalytic reaction sequences has been developed consisting of nickel‐catalyzed isomerization of N‐allylcarbamates and subsequent phosphoric‐acid‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of the resulting intermediates. By appropriate selection of reaction partners, in situ generated imines and ene‐carbamates are mechanistically partitioned to yield opposing functionalized products. Formal α‐functionalization to give protected α‐arylamines is achieved upon enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction with arene nucleophiles, whereas formal β‐functionalization is achieved upon reaction with diarylimine electrophiles in an enantioselective Povarov‐[4+2] cycloaddition. 相似文献
97.
《Molecular physics》2012,110(21-22):2725-2733
We calculate second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) anharmonic force fields for the cis and trans conformers of S1 C2H2, and compare the results to experiment. The vibrational assignments of recently observed levels belonging to the cis well are of particular interest. A refined estimate of the cis origin position (44,870?±?10?cm?1) is proposed, and preliminary low-energy fits to the global J?=?K?=?0 trans level structure are also described. The performance of perturbation theory in this isomerizing system is examined, and both surprising successes and failures are encountered. We examine these and their causes, and offer practical suggestions for avoiding the pitfalls of applying perturbation theory to systems with large amplitude motions. 相似文献
98.
Solène Morand Prof. Philippe Jubault Prof. Jean-Philippe Bouillon Dr. Samuel Couve-Bonnaire 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(69):17273-17292
gem-Heteroatom-substituted fluoroalkenes have received little attention despite their great potential in medicinal chemistry or in fine chemistry. Indeed, due to the electronic and steric similarity between the fluoroalkene moiety and the amide bond as well as the high strength of the carbon-fluorine bond, these gem-heteroatom-substituted fluoroalkenes could be envisioned as stable mimics of various important organic functions, such as phosphates, carbamates, S-thiocarbamates and ureas. We present herein an overview describing the syntheses over the last decade of heteroatom-substituted fluoroalkenes in geminal position. This review will be divided into several sections covering each the common following heteroatom: oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, phosphorus-, boron- and silicon-substituted fluoroalkenes. 相似文献
99.
Mikhail I. Smushkin Valentina G. Kharchenko Boris I. Drevko 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1):621-624
It is shown using 1H NMR spectroscopy that 2,4,6-triphenyl-4H-seleno(thio)pyrans can be isomerized into 2H-isomers by the action of lithium perchlorate or lithium chloride in DMF or only by DMF. The reaction time is found to depend on the Lewis acidity of used salt. It is supposed that isomerization in presence of Lewis acids proceeds as endocyclic 1,3-proton transfer or as a series of two 1,2-hydride shifts. 相似文献
100.
Timothy P. Moneypenny II Huiying Liu Anna Yang Ian D. Robertson Jeffrey S. Moore 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(18):2935-2948
Alkene metathesis has proven to be a powerful method for carbon carbon bond formation, particularly in the field of polymer and materials science. The availability of various tailor-made catalysts not only enables the synthesis of well-defined polymers but facilitates the development of functional, stimuli–responsive materials. This highlight, dedicated to Professor Robert Grubbs on his 75th birthday, focuses on the various research efforts in our group utilizing both alkene and alkyne metatheses and the interesting materials derived from them. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2935–2948 相似文献