全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23532篇 |
免费 | 1462篇 |
国内免费 | 3452篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 19216篇 |
晶体学 | 1057篇 |
力学 | 218篇 |
综合类 | 192篇 |
数学 | 3686篇 |
物理学 | 4077篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 169篇 |
2022年 | 495篇 |
2021年 | 738篇 |
2020年 | 542篇 |
2019年 | 538篇 |
2018年 | 423篇 |
2017年 | 558篇 |
2016年 | 590篇 |
2015年 | 550篇 |
2014年 | 816篇 |
2013年 | 1777篇 |
2012年 | 1291篇 |
2011年 | 1487篇 |
2010年 | 1483篇 |
2009年 | 1678篇 |
2008年 | 1625篇 |
2007年 | 1643篇 |
2006年 | 1555篇 |
2005年 | 1341篇 |
2004年 | 1308篇 |
2003年 | 1108篇 |
2002年 | 946篇 |
2001年 | 709篇 |
2000年 | 695篇 |
1999年 | 530篇 |
1998年 | 519篇 |
1997年 | 425篇 |
1996年 | 361篇 |
1995年 | 367篇 |
1994年 | 323篇 |
1993年 | 303篇 |
1992年 | 286篇 |
1991年 | 213篇 |
1990年 | 122篇 |
1989年 | 153篇 |
1988年 | 136篇 |
1987年 | 89篇 |
1986年 | 61篇 |
1985年 | 71篇 |
1984年 | 90篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 60篇 |
1980年 | 51篇 |
1979年 | 38篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
941.
Qing-Shan Li Juan-Juan Xu Jian-Jiang Zhong 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1997,62(2-3):243-250
Effects of water content and carbon and nitrogen sources on the production ofL-glutamate oxidase (GOD) by solid state fermentation (SSF) ofStreptomyces sp. N1 were investigated in a 250-mL shake flask. The results show that in the solid medium containing wheat bran 98% (w/w), KCl
0.2% (w/w), and MgCl2 0.2% (w/w), addition of 2.0-mL water per gram solid medium and 0.4% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 was the best for GOD production. In this work, we also developed a simple technique forin situ measuring oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) in SSF in a shake flask based on the principle
of Warburg manometer. The method was successfully applied to determine OUR and CER values in SSF ofStreptomyces sp. N1. The results indicate that the largest OUR value was detected about one or two days ahead of the highest GOD activity reached
depending on the fermentation conditions, and the OUR may be used as anin situ indicator of GOD production in the SSF process. 相似文献
942.
Hiroko Shikata Kazuki Nakanishi Kazuyuki Hirao 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):769-773
Microcrystalline silicalite-1 was formed on the inner surface of macroporus silica glasses prepared by the sol-gel process. By heating a homogeneous precursor solution at 100°C under a hydrothermal condition, 2–5 m of plate-like particles of silicalite-1 were deposited. With an increase of mixing time of the precursor solution, the number of silicalite-1 particles increased, accompanied by the relative decrease of the particle size. Depending on the temperature and the duration of the heat-treatment of the macroporous silica, the amount of deposited silicalite-1 varied. Below 1000°C, the amount increased with the heat-treatment temperature, as a result of the competition between the precipitation of silicalite-1 and the dissolution of silica from the macroporous silica glass under a strongly basic condition. On the other hand, above 1000°C the amount of deposited silicalite-1 decreased in accordance with the decrease of the macropore diameter by the heat-treatment, because of the limited transport of the dissolved silicate species through the smaller macropores. 相似文献
943.
The reactions of cyclic aldo- and -methoxynitrones of the 2H-imidazole-1-oxide and 4H-imidazole 3-oxide series with isocyanates, phenyl isothiocyanate, N-phenylmaleimide, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate were studied. The reactions give the corresponding 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition products. 2,2-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-2H-imidazole 1-oxide does not enter into a similar reaction with isocyanates or phenyl isothiocyanate. 相似文献
944.
A new chelating resin was synthesised by the modification of styrene-divinylbenzene (2%) copolymer and incorporation of dithiocarbamate groups. The polydithiocarbamate resin was characterised by elemental analysis, thermal studies and IR studies. The analytical characteristics of the sorbent were established and optimum sorption conditions for Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, As and Mn determined. The total sorption capacity of the resin was 37 mg g−1 for Ni(II), 35 mg g−1 for Cu(II), 29 mg g−1 for Fe(III) and 23 mg g−1 for Pb(II). The optimum pH for the removal of metal ions was 3-5 for Ni(II), 5 for Cu(II), 4 for Fe(III) and 4-5 for Pb(II). High sorption capacity was observed when compared with other conventional chelating polymers. The sorption kinetics was fairly rapid, as apparent from the loading half time t1/2 values, indicating a better accessibility of the chelating sites. 相似文献
945.
《Journal of separation science》2002,25(18):1317-1324
Multidimensional gas chromatography (2D GC) is demonstrated as a way to improve limits of detectability of spectrophotometric detectors. UV and IR detectors are generally less sensitive than mass spectrometers or other GC detectors. This has placed some limitations on the useful capabilities provided by spectrophotometric detectors, such as the ability to provide structure‐related information for a particular analyte. In this paper, we report results from interfacing a 2D GC instrument to a UV detector. Symmetry factor and the ratio of retention time divided by peak width did not show deterioration of the quality of chromatography when a megabore column was used with this detector. Furthermore, an increase in the limits of detectability over that attainable in a single‐column system was realized by using the 2D GC system. However, the low flow (1 mL/min) imposed by the use of a microbore column (250 μm ID) caused significant tailing when the UV detector was used. 相似文献
946.
V. N. Britsun A. N. Esipenko V. V. Pirozhenko M. O. Lozinskii 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2005,41(10):1334-1338
We have established that the products of aminolysis of 2-aryl-5-R-5,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo-[5,1-b][1,3]thiazin-7-ones
in boiling ethanol are 3-R-3-(5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propanamides, and at 180°C–210°C (depending on the structure
of the substituent R): 3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione and 3-arylacrylamides or 3-(3-aryl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanamides.
__________
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1587–1592, October, 2005. 相似文献
947.
Elka Kraleva Alla Spojakina Rumiana Edreva-Kardjieva Kveta Jiratova Lacezar Petrov 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2007,92(1):111-119
HDS catalysts were prepared by loading H3PMo12O40 or H4PMo11V1O40 polyoxometallates on TiO2 (0.5 and 1.0 mmol (Mo+V)). Activity of the catalysts was tested in the HDS of thiophene. The activity of catalysts of low
concentration was 2–3 times higher than the activity of those of high concentration. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR)
and IR spectroscopy were used to determine the properties of the catalyst. TPR measurements proved that vanadium promotes
and stabilizes HDS activity due to an increase in the Mo5+/Mo4+ ratio. 相似文献
948.
E. P. Grishina T. V. Vladimirova L. M. Ramenskaya K. S. Shilovskii 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2007,43(2):234-237
Electrochemical oxidation of silver in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIm]Br) ionic liquid is studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoammetry, and gravimetry. Two electrode processes irreversibly proceed on the silver electrode in the potential range studied: the formation of compound [BMIm]+[AgBr2]?, which is soluble in [BMIm]Br, and difficultly soluble AgBr. 相似文献
949.
This paper describes the structure and magnetic properties of a novel cobalt 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate compound, namely Co3{CH3C(NH3)(PO3H)(PO3)}2{CH3C(NH3)(PO3H)2}2(H2O)4·2H2O (1). The structure contains a trimer unit of Co3{CH3C(NH3)(PO3H)(PO3)}2 in which two equivalent phosphonate ligands chelate and bridge the three cobalt ions. Each trimer unit is further linked to its four equivalent neighbors through corner-sharing of CoO6 octahedra and CPO3 tetrahedra, forming a two-dimensional layer in the bc-plane which contains 12-membered rings. These layers are connected to each other by extensive hydrogen bonds. Magnetic studies show that weak antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated between the cobalt ions. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=27.727(4), b=7.1091(11), , β=118.488(3), , Z=2. 相似文献
950.
2-{[1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}benzoic acid (DMABA) was loaded on Amberlite XAD-16 (AXAD-16) via azo linker and the resulting resin AXAD-16-DMABA explored for enrichment of Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Co(II). The optimum pH values for extraction are 6.5-7.0, 5.0-6.0, 5.5-7.5, 5.0-6.5, 6.5-8.0, 5.5-7.0, 4.0-5.0 and 6.0-7.0, respectively. The sorption capacity was found between 97 and 515 μmol g−1 and the preconcentration factors from 100 to 450. Tolerance limits for foreign species are reported. The kinetics of sorption is fast as t1/2 is ≤5 min. The chelating resin can be reused for 50 cycles of sorption-desorption without any significant change (<1.5%) in the sorption capacity. The limit of detection values (blank +3 s) are 1.12, 1.38, 1.76, 0.67, 0.77, 2.52, 5.92 and 1.08 μg L−1 for Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Co(II), respectively. The enrichment on AXAD-16-DMABA coupled with monitoring by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is used to determine all the metal ion ions in river and synthetic water samples, Co in vitamin tablets and Zn in milk samples. 相似文献