Determination of Cu in Tequila by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

Concentrations of metals such as copper in alcoholic beverages must be strictly regulated due to negative effects ranging from beverage spoilage and hazing, to sensorial and health consequences. In this paper, a voltammetric alternative is presented for the analysis of copper in tequila, a Mexican spirituous alcoholic beverage. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry is applied and the standard addition method is used to quantify copper in this beverage at concentrations commonly present in tequila (<10 ppm) without sample pretreatment. Copper can be reduced and then oxidized quantitatively and reproducibly. A comparison of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is presented.     

The influence of main emulsion components on the physicochemical properties of soursop beverage emulsions: A mixture design approach

The physicochemical properties of soursop beverage emulsion were investigated using mixture design. Results indicated that the regression models were significantly fitted for all response variables studied, except creaming index at 10°C. Interactions between biopolymers and oil phase had the most significant effect on creaming stability; however, modified starch played a much prominent role in maintaining the cloudiness and average droplet size. Meanwhile, WPI contributed significantly to the conductivity of the emulsions. The optimum condition resulted in desirable physicochemical properties could be achieved using 8.70% (w/w) modified starch, 1.02% (w/w) WPI, 10.11% (w/w) flavor oil, and 76.57% (w/w) water.     

锌对酒精性肝病小鼠的作用研究

为探究膳食补充锌是否改善肝再生,选用12周大的雄性C57BL/6小鼠40只,按随机数字表法分为4组:正常对照组、酒精中毒组、正常补锌组及酒精中毒补锌组,予不同的饮食喂养6个月后,通过增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)阳性标记的肝细胞数目评价了肝细胞再生状况,并检测了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)含量评估肝损伤的氧化...     

紫外光谱法测定饮料中的咖啡因含量

建立了一种测定饮料中咖啡因含量的紫外光谱分析法.采用三氯甲烷为萃取剂,控制三氯甲烷与饮料的体积比为8:1,经充分振荡后离心分离,取清液在276 nm处测定紫外吸收光谱,能够满意地测定市售饮料中的咖啡因浓度.分析结果的相对标准偏差小于4%;在饮料中加入不同浓度的咖啡因标准溶液,回收率在94.0%～112.0%之间.     

毛细管气相色谱法快速测定西瓜及饮料中的甜蜜素

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定西瓜和饮料中甜蜜素的方法.甜蜜素在0.1-10.0g/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2= 0.999 2.以10倍信噪比计算,方法的定量限为0.5 mg/kg.两种果味饮料样品测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.87%,1.03%(n=6),西瓜样品的加标回收率为96.0%-103.8%,饮料样...     

Electrochemical Measurements of Glucose Using a Micro Flow‐Through Immobilized Enzyme Reactor

A new fast, cheap and efficient epoxy‐amine immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) is demonstrated. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as the curing agent of an epoxy resin (bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)) in order to introduce a high number of reactive –NH₂ groups at the substrate. A ratio mixture of 3:2 PEI:BADGE (w/w) was shown to be the most suitable for curing, taking into account the number of immobilization sites and the resistance of the material towards channeling. Electrochemical measurements made by a three electrode system, adapted at the IMER, showed that the K_m value for immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) was half the value commonly reported for GOx immobilized at PEI derived substrates. The IMER response decreased by around 41 % after one week of intense usage. Even so, the remaining activity was sufficient for quantifications of approximately 0.1 mmol L⁻¹, merely requiring a new calibration of the reactor before its utilization. The developed system was applied to D‐glucose quantification of beverage samples, requiring an injection volume of only 10 μL and a flow rate of 150 μL min⁻¹ (almost 60 samples per hour). Low detection and quantification limits (1.94 and 5.89 μmol L⁻¹, respectively) and a wide linear range (from 8 μmol L⁻¹ to 2 mmol L⁻¹) were also found, which are useful characteristics for quality control analysis.     

Determination of purine contents of alcoholic beverages using high performance liquid chromatography

The purine contents of alcoholic beverages were determined in order to utilize them in the dietary care of gout and hyperuricemia. In the management of these diseases, restriction of both alcohol and purine intake are important. The method employed in this study is a quantitative determination of purine contents by HPLC. Alcoholic beverages were hydrolyzed to corresponding purine bases, which were then separated by HPLC, and base peaks were identified using an enzymatic peak‐shift technique. This method is sufficiently accurate and reproducible to examine the purine contents of various alcoholic beverages that patients consume. Purine contents were as follows: spirits, 0.7–26.4 µmol/L; regular beer, 225.0–580.2 µmol/L; low‐malt beer, 193.4–267.9 µmol/L; low‐malt and low‐purine beer, 13.3 µmol/L; other liquors, 13.1–818.3 µmol/L. Some local and low‐alcohol beers were found to contain about 2.5 times more purines than regular beer. As some alcoholic beverages contain considerable amounts of purines, we recommend that excess consumption of these beverages be avoided. These data should be useful in the management of hyperuricemia and gout, not only for patients but also for physicians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid Elemental Analysis of Sugarcane Spirits by Inductively Coupled Plasma: Optical Emission Spectrometry

A simple, direct, and rapid method was developed and employed to determine arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel in sugarcane spirits by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples were analyzed directly, avoiding the need for sample treatment or the use of toxic chemicals in agreement with the green chemistry principles. The accuracy was evaluated using spiked trials at three levels for each contaminant, with recoveries between 83 and 115%. High sensitivity was obtained, with limits of detection less than 0.008?mg?L^?1 for all elements but copper (0.05 mg?L^?1), in agreement with Brazilian and The Common Market of the South regulations. Low values of coefficient of variation were also observed, 0.4 to 7.7% for all analytes. The analysis time and sample amount required for the direct method were lower than methods that use sample treatment procedures, which is very positive for routine laboratory analysis.     

最小二乘支持向量机的核桃露饮品中脂肪成分的定量分析

利用近红外光谱对核桃露中的重要指标脂肪含量进行定量分析,同时进行建模变量优化、建模方法比较以优选最佳模型。为消除散射对光谱造成的影响,采用标准正态变换（SNV）方法对数据进行预处理,采用遗传算法（GA）结合向后间隔偏最小二乘法（BiPLS）优选的特征波长分别作为偏最小二乘法（PLS）及最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）的输入变量,建立核桃露中脂肪含量的近红外定量模型,采用决定系数（R2）、预测标准偏差（RMSEP）以及性能偏差比（RPD）对各模型进行评价,探究光谱波段选择方法对于核桃露中脂肪指标模型构建的影响,同时确定最佳建模方法。结果表明：进行变量筛选能够对模型起到优化作用,BiPLS及GA-BiPLS方法分别选择了150及30个变量点,占全光谱的10%及2%,对应了核桃露样品中脂肪成分的特征吸收峰,使得PLS模型的RMSEP值从0.049分别下降到0.043和0.040,同时模型的相关系数R2从0.964提高到0.973及0.974,性能偏差比RPD从4.88增长到5.62及6.00,主成分数也有不同程度的减少,降低模型复杂程度的同时提高了模型准确性。相比于PLS模型,核桃露脂肪指标的LS-SVM模型的R2,RMSEP及RPD值均表现出了更好的效果,分别达到0.986,0.036及6.52。说明基于最小二乘支持向量机建立的分析模型有较高的准确度及稳定性,可能是由于PLS作为一种经典的线性建模方法,在建立模型的过程中忽略了样品数据集中的非线性因素,而核桃露样品光谱测量过程中噪声、背景等因素的干扰,以及各指标成分间的相互影响,使得脂肪含量与近红外光谱信息间存在复杂非线性的变化关系,LS-SVM方法能够更为有效地对其进行描述,增强了光谱变量与指标浓度间的相关性,使得建立的模型有着更好的准确度以及普适性,说明了在实际生产中,LS-SVM方法具备优良的可行性,体现了其在核桃露饮品品质分析方面的巨大潜力。基于最小二乘支持向量机方法所建立的核桃露脂肪含量的定量分析模型,具有准确、稳定的特点,能够为核桃露生产的质量监控提供技术借鉴,同时为饮品品质的分析方法研究提供了新的思路。