超高效液相色谱法测定水果和饮料中残留的氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯

建立了多种水果和饮料中氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯残留的超高效液相色谱测定方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(体积比为1∶1)超声波萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法净化,超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。采用BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相为水-乙腈(体积比为3∶7),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为40 ℃,紫外检测波长为251 nm。实验结果表明：氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯在0.05～2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),在不同的基质中添加3个浓度水平(0.01,0.05,0.1 mg/kg)的氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯,两者的回收率均在82.60%～101.11%之间,相对标准偏差为5.4%～15.3%;检出限不大于6 μg/kg,定量限不大于20 μg/kg。     

Chemical Constitution and Antimicrobial Activity of Kombucha Fermented Beverage

Kombucha is a traditional beverage of sweetened black tea fermented with a symbiotic association of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. In this study, kombucha fermented beverage (KFB) appeared to include nine chemical groups (alcohols, acids, lactones, condensed heterocyclic compounds, antibiotics, esters, aldehydes, fatty acids, and alkaloids) of many bioactive metabolites, as elucidated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and IR spectra. The fermented metabolic components of KFB seem collectively to act in a synergistic action giving rise to the antimicrobial activity. Four types of kombucha preparations (fermented, neutralized, heat-treated and unfermented) were demonstrated with respect to their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains using agar well diffusion assay. KFB exerted the strongest antimicrobial activities when compared with neutralized and heat-treated kombucha beverages (NKB and HKB). Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli ATCC11229 (E. coli) were the organisms most susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of kombucha beverage preparations. Finally, the KFB preparation showed remarkable inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria in a brain heart infusion broth and in some Egyptian fruit juices (apple, guava, strawberry, and tomato). These data reveal that kombucha is not only a prophylactic agent, but also appears to be promising as a safe alternative biopreservative, offering protection against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.     

A Peptide HEPFYGNEGALR from Apostichopus japonicus Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Enhancing Antioxidant Response in Male C57BL/6J Mice

Liver-related disease caused by alcohol is a frequent disorder of the hepatic tract. Heavy consumption of alcohol in a short period causes oxidative damage to the liver. Sea cucumber is abundant in nutrients and its various extracts have been studied for antioxidant properties. One peptide was isolated and identified from Apostichopus japonicus in our recent study. We investigated the benefits of the peptide in a model of acute ethanol-induced male C57BL/6J mice. Dietary intake of the peptide could attenuate hepatomegaly, hepatitis and the accumulation of lipid droplets, and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. The results indicated that a 20 mg/kg peptide supplement could activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and block the nuclear translocation of NF-κB to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the preventive effects of peptide supplementation may be related to autophagy. This study suggests that dietary supplementation with a sea cucumber-derived peptide is one of the potential candidates to alleviate acute alcoholic liver injury.     

Simulated dynamics and control of an extractive alcoholic fermentation

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of a computer simulation of a continuous alcoholic fermentation process combined with a flash column under vacuum. The alcohol was partially extracted in order to maintain its concentration at about 40 kg/m³ in the fermentor. The mathematical model of the fermentation was developed for industrial conditions and considers the effect of the temperature on the kinetic parameters. The performance of the dynamic matrix control algorithm, single input single output and multiple input multiple output, for the control of the extractive process was studied. The concepts of factorial design were used in a simulation study to determine the best control structures for the process.     

Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Exposure—A Pilot Study Based on Proteomics

Chronic alcohol exposure can cause myocardial degenerative diseases, manifested as cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, etc. These are defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Alcohol-mediated myocardial injury has previously been studied through metabolomics, and it has been proved to be involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway concerning unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which tentatively explored the mechanism of ACM induced by chronic drinking. To further study alcohol-induced myocardial injury, myocardial specimens from a previously successfully established mouse model of ACM were subjected to histological, echocardiographic, and proteomic analyses, and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results of histopathology and echocardiography showed the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the dilation of ventricles, and decreased cardiac function. Proteomic results, available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032949, revealed 56 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, which have the potential to be involved in the KEGG pathway related to fatty acid biosynthesis disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and, ultimately, in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study further elucidates the underlying effects of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol intake, laying a foundation for further studies to clarify the potential mechanisms of ACM.     

Hybrid neural modeling of bioprocesses using functional link networks

The objective of this work was to develop a model for an extractive ethanol fermentation in a simple and rapid way. This model must be sufficiently reliable to be used for posterior optimization and control studies. A hybrid neural model was developed, combining mass and energy balances with neural networks, which describe the process kinetics. To determine the best model, two structures of neural networks were compared: the functional link networks and the feedforward neural networks. The two structures are shown to describe well the process kinetics, and the advantages of using the functional link networks are discussed.     

Determination of Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Beverage and Coffee Samples by Purge-and-Trap On-Line Coupling with a Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector

A sensitive and fast analytical method using purge-and-trap on-line coupling with gas chromatography was developed for the determination of trace volatile sulfur compounds including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), ethyl-methyl sulfide (EMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in beverage and coffee samples. The analytes were purged for 12min from the sample by high purity nitrogen at a flow rate of 35KPa and preconcentrated in the cooled fused-silica capillary trap at –75°C. The NaCl content in the samples was maintained at 10%. The volatile sulfur compounds were separated with an Agilent-6890 gas chromatograph by a suitable temperature program and detected by means of a flame photometric detector (FPD). The detection limits were 80ngL^–1 for DMS, 80ngL^–1 for EMS, and 100ngL^–1 for DMDS, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of volatile sulfur compounds in different beverage and coffee samples.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法快速测定塑料包装饮料中双酚A

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱联用测定塑料包装饮料中双酚A残留量的检测方法. 以SEP-PAR C₁₈小柱富集饮料样品,甲醇淋洗. 采用Acquity UPLCTM BEH C₁₈液相柱分离,流动相为水和甲醇,采用梯度洗脱方式,电喷雾离子源,以负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱分析. 在试验选定的最佳条件下,方法的检出限为0.5 μg/L,样品加标回收率为92.4%~98.4%,相对标准偏差小于8.4%.     

离子色谱法同时分析董酒中的有机酸与无机阴离子

研究了用离子色谱法同时分析董酒中可离解性有机酸和无机阴离子。首次采用邻苯二甲酸氢钾和邻苯二甲酸的混合水溶液作淋洗剂,改善了分离效果,提高了检测灵敏度。所建立的方法无需进行样品前处理,无干扰,有一定的实用价值。