室内空气流动数值模拟的N点风口动量模型

为适应工程应用中快速、准确模拟室内空气流动的需要，提出N点风口动量模型，以简化描述利用计算流体动力学CFD方法模拟室内空气流动时百叶、多孔板类送风口的入流边界条件。百叶和多孔板风口的等温自由射流算例以及HESCO孔板类散流器在室内送风的算例和实验数据对比表明，N点风口动量模型可以较好地解决数值模拟室内空气流动的风口入流边界条件描述问题。     

Airflow‐Field‐Induced Sandwich‐Type Membrane of Block Copolymer for Selective Ion Separation

A simple and effective airflow method to prepare sandwich‐type block copolymer films is reported. The films are composed of three layers: vertically oriented nanocylinders align in both upper and bottom layers and irregular nanocylinders exist in the bulk of the film. The vertically oriented nanocylinders in both sides can provide high accessibility to ions and ensures the exchange of chemical species between the membrane and external environment, while the irregularly oriented nanocylinders in the middle part of the film can prolong the pathway of ions transportation and enhance ions selectivity.

     

切向气流对激光辐照树脂基复合材料的影响

为了考察切向强迫气流对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料热响应的影响,基于边界层换热理论,研究了切向气流与靶面的对流换热系数和热分解气体对表面热交换的覆盖效应,并用有限差分法对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料的1维热响应模型进行数值求解。数值计算表明：高速切向气流的存在会加速靶材表面与外部环境的热交换,从而明显降低激光对靶材的加热效率;边界层换热理论给出的对流换热系数和覆盖因子是合理有效的,适用于数值模拟切向气流对激光辐照下树脂基复合材料热响应的影响;向靶材表面溢出的热分解气体对靶材表面与外部环境的热交换有一定的抑制作用,但影响较小,基本可以忽略不计。     

激励电压对沿面介质阻挡放电特性的影响分析

近年来,沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)用作大气压下气流控制的等离子体激励器因其众多的优点受到了广泛的关注.然而,国内外对沿面介质阻挡放电及其应用的研究尚处于探索阶段,对其放电特性的影响因素缺乏规律性的认识.因此,对SDBD相关特性和影响因素进行研究具有重要理论意义和应用价值.本文使用频率5～20 kHz,峰值电压0～30 kV的可调正弦交流电源激励大气压环境下的SDBD装置.通过调节激励电压大小,研究了其与SDBD放电特性之间的关系,对等离子体放电电流、放电形貌、功率损耗、诱导气流以及机械效率进行了分析.实验结果表明,SDBD消耗功率、放电强度和诱导气流均会随着激励电压的增大而增大,但机械效率存在先增大后减小的趋势,说明等离子体流动控制中研究中存在最佳效率点.     

Velopharyngeal aerodynamics of /m/ and /p/ in tracheoesophageal speech

The purpose of this study was to compare oral pressure (P_o), nasal airflow (V_n), and velopharyngeal (VP) orifice area estimates from 12 tracheoesophageal (TE) and 12 laryngeal speakers as they produced /p/ and /m/ in syllable series. The findings were as follows: (1) TE speakers produced greater P_o than the laryngeal speakers; (2) for /p/, TE speakers generated V_n, and VP orifice area estimates comparable with, or less than, the laryngeal speakers; and (3) for /m/, TE speakers had V_n and VP orifice area estimates greater than the laryngeal speakers. The elevated P_o could be the result of several factors such as high source driving pressures and vocal tract volume changes postlaryngectomy. Attempts at more precise articulation, and subsequently less coarticulation, by the TE speakers may explain the V_n and VP orifice area estimates for /p/ and /m/. TE speakers may be limiting the oral-nasal cavity coupling for /p/ (smaller VP gap, less V_n) in an attempt to produce a very precise oral /p/. For /m/, TE speakers may be attempting to overtly mark the consonant as a nasal (greater V_n, larger VP gap). Further studies are needed to confirm/refute the explanations postulated here regarding the VP aerodynamic differences that were identified.     

切向气流对激光加热金属板非熔化穿孔效应的影响

针对切向气流加载导致激光加热金属板在熔化前的穿孔效应,利用金属薄板的弹性弯曲理论,推导出了两种典型光束（方形和圆形）照射下的弯曲挠度表达式,利用Mises理论给出了非熔化穿孔的破坏判据。研究结果表明：激光加热下材料强度降低是出现非熔化穿孔破坏的主要机理;薄板在光斑区的最大变形与气流速度、光斑直径、板厚与弹性模量（U2a4/Eh3）相关,穿孔破坏温度与气流速度、光斑直径及板厚（Ua/h）2相关;与方形光斑辐照相比,圆形光斑辐照的破坏阈值稍高一些。数值计算结果表明：0.8 Ma切向气流作用下,铝合金壳体的激光破坏能量阈值大大降低（可达40%～50%）,典型不锈钢壳体的破坏阈值降低相对较小（20%左右）,气流作用导致金属板破坏阈值的下降是需特别关注的问题。     

多相等离子体气动激励流动特性

 等离子体激励器电极组相位不同便产生多相等离子体气动激励,建立了粒子图像测速仪流场参数测试系统,利用粒子图像测速仪技术,研究了非对称布局等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动特性,分析了多相等离子体气动激励对诱导空气流动速度的影响。结果表明：粒子图像测速仪流场测试系统能够准确地反映等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的流场空间结构,等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动是平行于激励器的近壁面射流,多相等离子体气动激励能够增大等离子体气动激励诱导气流速度,或者使等离子体气动激励影响流场区域增大。粒子图像测速仪系统是深入研究等离子体气动激励的流场结构最佳的方式之一。     

合成射流对失速状态下翼型大分离流动控制的试验研究

为研究低速状态合成射流在抑制翼型气流分离和推迟失速方面的控制机理, 开展了NACA0021 翼型失速特性射流控制的风洞试验研究. 通过系统性的模型测力、翼型瞬态流场粒子图像测速和边界层速度测定的对比试验, 深入探索了合成射流各参数对翼型失速特性控制效果的影响规律. 试验结果表明射流偏角在翼型升力和失速迎角控制方面的效果对射流动量系数较为敏感: 当动量系数较大时, 近切向射流的控制效果更好. 射流动量系数为0.033 时, 偏角30°的射流使得翼型升力系数峰值提高23.56%, 失速迎角增大5°; 而动量系数较小时, 偏角较大的射流能够获得最佳控制效果. 射流动量系数为0.0026 时, 法向射流对翼型最大升力系数控制效果最好(提高9.2%).