老年人用药问题

随着年龄的增长,人体的生理机能和生化反应发生改变,使药物对老年人药动学发生改变。因此有必要为老年人提供合理、安全、有效的用药方案,指出用药时应注意的问题。     

Characterizing the Diffusion and Rheological Properties of Aged Asphalt Binder Rejuvenated with Bio-Oil Based on Molecular Dynamic Simulations and Laboratory Experimentations

Soybean-derived bio-oil is one of the vegetable-based oils that is gaining the most interest for potential use in the rejuvenation of aged asphalt binders. This laboratory study was conducted to characterize and quantify the diffusion and rheological properties of bio-oil-rejuvenated aged asphalt binder (BRAA) using soybean oil. In the study, the chemical structure of the soybean oil was comparatively characterized using an element analyzer (EA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and a Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, respectively. Based on the chemical structure of the bio-oil, BRAA molecular models were built for computing the diffusion parameters using molecular dynamic simulations. Likewise, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test device was used for measuring and quantifying the rheological properties of the aged asphalt binder rejuvenated with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% soybean oil, respectively. The laboratory test results indicate that bio-oil could potentially improve the diffusion coefficients and phase angle of the aged asphalt binder. Similarly, the corresponding decrease in the complex shear modulus has a positive effect on the low-temperature properties of BRAA. For a bio-oil dosage 4.0%, the diffusion coefficients of the BRAA components are 1.52 × 10⁻⁸, 1.33 × 10⁻⁸, 3.47 × 10⁻⁸, 4.82 × 10⁻⁸ and 3.92 × 10⁻⁸, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding reduction in the complex shear modulus from 1.27 × 10⁷ Pa to 4.0 × 10⁵ Pa suggests an improvement in the low-temperature properties of BRAA. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on the potential use of soybean-derived bio-oil as a rejuvenator of aged asphalt binders.     

沈阳市学龄前儿童末梢血矿物质检测结果分析

为了解沈阳市学龄前儿童体内矿物质钙、铁、锌、铜、镁的含量与年龄和性别的关系,探讨防治其缺乏的综合措施,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对3483例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁和铁元素进行了检测,采用SPSS 17．0软件进行统计分析。结果表明,该地区学龄前4个不同年龄组儿童末梢血锌、钙、铁、铜元素缺乏严重,分别占总样本的66．90％、39．76％、32．5％和26．87％;3～岁组末梢血中钙、铁、锌、镁含量与其它年龄组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,各元素在性别问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。该地区学龄前儿童钙、铁、锌、铜失衡明显,应加强营养素的合理搭配及矿物质的补充,保证儿童的健康成长。     

福建长乐市学龄前儿童末梢血矿物质检测结果分析

为了解福建省长乐市学龄前儿童体内矿物质钙、镁、铁、锌、铜的含量与年龄和性别的关系,探讨防治其缺乏的综合措施,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对4 231例学龄前儿童末梢血中钙、镁、铁、锌和铜元素进行了检测,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果表明,该地区学龄前儿童末梢血锌元素含量有3个年龄组低于正常值;其中锌、铁元素缺乏严重,缺乏儿童分别占总样本的61.92%和34.60%;末梢血中矿物质含量在部分年龄组和性别之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示该地区学龄前儿童铁、锌元素缺乏明显,应定期检测并加强膳食中微量元素铁和锌的补充,保证儿童的健康成长。     

SURFACE REARRANGEMENTS OF OXYGEN PLASMA TREATED POLYSTYRENE： SURFACE DYNAMICS AND HUMIDITY EFFECT

The time evolution of oxygen plasma treated polystyrene(PS)surfaces was investigated upon storing them in theair under controlled humidity conditions.The methods of water contact angle,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),sumfrequency generation(SFG)vibrational spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy(AFM)were used to infer the surfaceproperties and structure.Chemical groups containing oxygen were formed on the PS surface with the plasma treatment,demonstrated by water contact angle and XPS.The surface polarity decayed markedly on time,as assessed by steady increasein the water contact angle as a function of storage time,from zero to around 60°.The observed decay is interpreted as arisingfrom surface rearrangement processes to burying polar groups away from the uppermost layer of the surfaces,which is incontact with air.On the other hand,XPS results show that the chemical composition in the first 3 nm surface layer isunaffected by the surface aging,and the depth profile of oxygen is essentially the same with time.A possible change of PSsurface roughness was examined by AFM,and it showed that the increase of water contact angle during surface aging couldnot be attributed to surface roughness.Thus,it is concluded that surface aging is attributable to surface reorganization andthe motion of oxygen containing groups is confined within the XPS probing depth.SFG spectroscopy,which is intrinsicallyinterface-specific,was used to detect the chemical structure of PS surface at the molecular level after various aging times.The results are interpreted as follows.During the aging of the plasma treated PS surfaces,the oxygen containing groupsundergo reorientation processes toward the polymer bulk and/or parallel to the surface,while the CH_2 moiety stands up onthe PS surface.Our results indicate that the surface configuration changes do not require large length scale segmentalmotions or migration of macromolecules.Motions that are responsible for surface configuration changes could be relativelysmall rotational motions.The aging behaviors under different relative humidity conditions were shown to be similar from18% to 91%,whereas the kinetics of surface polarity decays were faster in higher relative humidity.Here,the surfacerearrangement of polystyrene films that were previously treated by oxygen plasma and aged,and was investigated in terms ofcontact angle after the water immersion.The contact angles of the water-immersed samples were found to change andapproach the initial values before the immersion asymptotically.     

中国的百岁老人研究Ⅳ.2009,上海成为中国长寿之乡

分析了上海的自然地理、社会经济和人口结构特征,探讨了上海百岁老人的发展规律。结果表明,上海已具备形成长寿之乡的主客观条件,如能保持目前的态势,到2009年底,上海百岁老人数将超过1000人,百岁老人占总人口比例亦将达到百万分之70的中国长寿之乡标准,有望成为人口规模最大,社会经济最发达的中国长寿之乡。     

中老年人脂肪肝与血清脂蛋白的临床探讨

测定了经Ｂ超检查发现脂肪肝的４０例中老年病例血清脂蛋白含量,并与正常对照组比较。结果显示,除ＨＤＬ外,ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ均显著升高,故积极控制血清脂蛋白的升高,是预防和控制脂肪的重要措施。     

老年患者中胸位、下胸腰位硬膜外麻醉的监测

通过对２２０例老年人中胸位、下胸腰位硬膜外麻醉的血压、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度的变化进行监测和统计分析,总结出硬膜外麻醉对上述重要指标产生影响的规律,从而可提高老年患者硬膜外麻醉的安全性     

Thermal Analysis in Propellant Stability Examinations

The thermal analysis of powders and propellants extends the possibilities of study of their chemical stability. Two models of double and triple base powders were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry. Their chemical stabilities were determined by using classical analytical methods. The thermal explosions of the powders were analysed. It was shown that the thermal decompositions of double and triple base powders are controlled by the consumption of nitro-ester stabilizers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effects of solvent chemistry on the impedance of aged gels

Sols were prepared in the system TMOS:H₂O:SOLV:HCl with molar ratios of 1:4:3:0.0005 for SOLV = MEOH and DMF. The sols were cast into cuvettes and covered with parafilm during gelation and aging. The bulk resistance of aged samples was determined by impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. The use of different solvents in the synthesis of silica gels leads to considerable variation in bulk resistance. The results of solvent exchange were found to depend greatly upon the nature of the solvent.