基于拉曼光谱方法研究不同剪切力下的红细胞亚损伤

利用共聚焦拉曼光谱技术,对人工心脏泵不同剪切应力下受到亚损伤的红细胞进行实验研究,验证拉曼光谱对红细胞亚损伤程度的评估能力,为血液损伤评价提供了一种新的思路.实验采集血红蛋白和红细胞的拉曼光谱标准谱图并进行对比分析,以确定红细胞谱图特征峰的归属.用血液剪切力试验平台对测试血样施加暴露时间为1 s,大小分别为0,50,1...     

Early metabolic characterization of brain tissues after whole body radiation based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in a rat model

Radiation‐induced brain injury involves acute, early delayed and late delayed damage based on the time‐course and clinical manifestations. The acute symptoms are mostly transient and reversible, whereas the late delayed radiation‐induced changes are progressive and irreversible. Therefore, evaluation of the organ‐specific early response to ionizing radiation exposure is necessary for improving treatment strategies and minimizing possible damage at an early stage after radiation exposure. In the current study, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique based on metabolomics coupled with metabolic correlation network was applied to investigate the early metabolic characterization of rat brain tissues following irradiation. Our findings showed that the metabolic response to irradiation was not just limited to the variations of individual metabolite levels, but also accompanied by alterations of network correlations among various metabolites. Metabolite clustering indicated that energy metabolism disorder and inflammation response were induced following radiation exposure. The correlation networks revealed that the strong positive correlations of differential metabolites were highly reduced and significant negative linkages were highlighted in irradiated groups even without statistical changes in metabolic levels. Our findings provided new insights into our understanding of the radiation‐induced acute brain injury mechanism and clues as to the therapy target for clinical applications.     

脑外伤患者血浆脂联素的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨脑外伤患者血浆脂联素水平的变化规律及与脑外伤严重度的相关性。方法 选取86例重型脑外伤患者和86例健康体检者,分别于入院时、入院后第1、2、3、5、7天和体检时清晨空腹抽取静脉血,ELISA 法测定血浆脂联素水平。结果 脑外伤后血浆脂联素水平6h内升高,24h到达高峰,后逐渐下降,入院时、入院后第1、2、3、5、7天的血浆脂联素水平均明显高于健康对照组（均P＜0.01）;蛛网膜下腔出血、环池消失、中线移位（＞5mm）和瞳孔散大患者各个时间点血浆脂联素水平显著高于其对照组（均P＜0.01）。入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分与各个时间点血浆脂联素水平均呈负相关（均P＜0.01）。结论 脑外伤后血浆脂联素水平升高,与脑外伤严重度显著相关。     

Integrability test of a higher-order (2+1)-dimensional KdV-type equation

The so-called KdV6 equation has recently generated much interest. Here we show that a recently considered (2+1)-dimensional extension of this equation is in fact nonintegrable.     

网球发球的背肌损伤原因及康复

运用运动解剖学的基本知识和方法,对网球发球背肌损伤的不同征象和原因作了详细的分析,并依据受伤的不同情况,给出了切合实际的治疗措施和康复训练方案。     

Green formulation and chemical characterization of Lens culinaris seed aqueous extract conjugated gold nanoparticles for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in comparison to mitoxantrone in a leukemic mouse model

The high prevalence of cancer has been increased the rate of studying about the new formulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this regards, one of the suitable options is the use of metal nanoparticles for formulating these drugs. In the recent study, Lens culinaris seed aqueous extract conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are reported for the first time to exert a dietary therapeutic potential compared to mitoxantrone in an animal model of acute myeloid leukemia. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis., FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of HAuCl₄, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone. For the analyzing of cytotoxicity effects of HAuCl₄, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone, MTT assay was used on HUVEC, 32D-FLT3-ITD, Human HL-60/vcr, and Murine C1498 cell lines. In vivo assay, induction of acute myeloid leukemia was done by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 75 mice. Then, the animals were randomly divided into six subgroups, including control, untreated, HAuCl₄, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone. SEM and TEM images showed uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 10–40 nm for the nanoparticles. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for mitoxantrone and AuNPs. Similar to mitoxantrone, AuNPs had low cell viability dose-dependently against 32D-FLT3-ITD, Human HL-60/vcr, and Murine C1498 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on HUVEC cell line. AuNPs and mitoxantrone significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the total WBC, blast, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts and increased the mRNA expression of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-5, the anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the lymphocyte, platelet, and RBC parameters as compared to the untreated mice. It looks that AuNPs can be administrated as a chemotherapeutic supplement or drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the clinical trial.     

Preparation,formulation, and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles using Melissa officinalis leaf aqueous extract for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo conditions

The demand for nanoparticles is increasing day by day due to their wide range of applications in various areas including pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticles are formally synthesized by chemical methods in which the toxic and flammable chemicals are used. Synthesis of nanoparticles from various biological systems has been reported, but among all, biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants is considered as the most suitable method. The current study confirms the potential of aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis grown under in vitro condition for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Also, we revealed the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-acute myeloid leukemia effects of AgNPs compared to mitoxantrone in a leukemic mouse model. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using several techniques including UV–Vis., FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, and EDS. In vivo experiment, induction of acute myeloid leukemia was done by DMBA in 75 mice. The obtained results were fed into SPSS-22 software and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. By quantitative real-time PCR, S1PR1 and S1PR5 mRNA expression in lymphocytes were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased by treating the leukemic mice with the AgNPs and mitoxantrone. Also, AgNPs similar to mitoxantrone, significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the platelet, lymphocyte, and RBC parameters and the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNα) and reduced the total WBC, blast, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil counts and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL12, IL18, IFNY, and TNFα) as compared to the untreated mice. In vitro experiment, AgNPs similar to mitoxantrone had low cell viability dose-dependently against murine C1498, human HL-60/vcr, and 32D-FLT3-ITD cell lines without any cytotoxicity on HUVEC cell line. Furthermore, the DPPH assay showed similar antioxidant potentials for AgNPs and mitoxantrone. Above results approve the excellent anti-acute myeloid leukemia, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant properties of AgNPs compared to mitoxantrone.     

Novel green synthesis of Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract conjugated gold nanoparticles with excellent anti-acute myeloid leukemia effect in comparison to daunorubicin in a leukemic rodent model

Nanobiotechnology is a capable technology that deals with nanomaterials in several scientific domains such as medicine, chemistry, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. In this scale, remarkable differences are seen in many properties of materials that are not observed on a larger scale. In this regard, pharmacologists have tried to synthesize many supplements and drugs from the nanoparticles. The present study confirms the ability of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa grown under in vitro condition for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Also, in this study, we revealed the anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity of AuNPs compared to daunorubicin in a leukemic rodent model. These nanoparticles were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis.), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. TEM and FE-SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and diameters of 15-45 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. In vivo design, induction of acute myeloid leukemia was done by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 75 mice. Then, the animals were randomly divided into six subgroups, including HAuCl₄, H. sabdariffa, AuNPs, daunorubicin, untreated, and control. AuNPs similar to daunorubicin, significantly (P ≤ .05) reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL12, IL18, IFNY, and TNFα), and the total white blood cell (WBC), blast, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil counts and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNα) and the platelet, lymphocyte, and red blood cell (RBC) parameters as compared to the untreated mice. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-5 mRNA expression in lymphocytes were significantly (P ≤ .05) raised by treating the leukemic mice with the AuNPs and daunorubicin. In vitro design, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for daunorubicin and AuNPs. Besides, AuNPs similar to daunorubicin had low cell viability dose-dependently against Murine C1498, Human HL-60/vcr, and 32D-FLT3-ITD cell lines without any cytotoxicity on HUVEC cell line. In conclusion, the results of chemical characterization confirm that the H. sabdariffa flower can be used to produce gold nanoparticles with a remarkable amount of anti-acute myeloid leukemia effect.     

The determination of β-agonist residues in bovine tissues using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

We aimed to develop a rapid, simple and reproducible method based on LC–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to analyze β-agonist residues (clenbuterol, zilpaterol, ractopamine and isoxsuprine) in bovine tissues. The method was validated in accordance with the European Council Decision 2002/657/EC. The samples were homogenized, and then 10 mL of an acetate buffer was added to a 5-g sample. The sample was then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and filtered. Sodium hydroxide (2 m ) was added to adjust pH of the sample that was centrifuged again. The extract was filtered through a solid-phase extraction column. The residue was re-dissolved in 250 μL acetonitrile and then subjected to LC–MS/MS. The separation was done on a C₁₈ column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in deionized water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol. The mean recoveries of β-agonists were in the range of 84.3%–119.1% with relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of 0.683%–4.05%. Decision limits and detection capabilities of the analytes ranged from 0.0960 to 4.9349 μg/kg and from 0.0983 to 5.0715, respectively. This method was used to detect four β-agonists in 100 bovine muscle, 100 liver and 100 kidney tissues from a slaughterhouse. No residue was found above the maximum residue limit level.     

Protective Effects of Traditional Polyherbs on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Cell Model by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathway

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease caused by sudden renal dysfunction, which is an important risk factor for chronic renal failure. However, there is no effective treatment for renal impairment. Although some traditional polyherbs are commercially available for renal diseases, their effectiveness has not been reported. Therefore, we examined the nephroprotective effects of polyherbs and their relevant mechanisms in a cisplatin-induced cell injury model. Rat NRK-52E and human HK-2 subjected to cisplatin-induced AKI were treated with four polyherbs, Injinhotang (IJ), Ucha-Shinki-Hwan (US), Yukmijihwang-tang (YJ), and Urofen^TM (Uro) similar with Yondansagan-tang, for three days. All polyherbs showed strong free radical scavenging activities, and the treatments prevented cisplatin-induced cell death in both models, especially at 1.2 mg/mL. The protective effects involved antioxidant effects by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The polyherbs also reduced the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, along with inhibited expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase-related proteins. These findings provide evidence for promoting the development of herbal formulas as an alternative therapy for treating AKI.