为2007年亚奥赛物理实验命题的体会

笔者被聘为2007年亚奥赛物理实验命题,经过半年多的努力终于将科研成果——激光测温合理地转换为一个奥赛实验试题——干涉法测量玻璃热膨胀系数和折射率温度系数,本文主要介绍了命题过程及体会.     

On the relationship between mergers and economic activity: Evidence from an optimised hybrid method

A new approach is developed to examine potential causality between merger activity and industrial production. The proposed method combines an information criterion-based approach to lag optimisation with joint maximum likelihood estimation of an autoregressive distributed lag model and GARCH(1,1) specification. Application to UK data provides significant evidence in support of causality between merger activity and industrial production, a result which has been predicted theoretically in the literature but has not received empirical support in earlier research.     

A planar chiral nanostructure with asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and huge optical activity in near-infrared band

Just like an electronic diode that allows the electrical current to flow in one direction only, a kind of chiral metamaterial structure with a similar functionality for the electromagnetic wave is proposed. The designed nanostructure that consists of twisted metallic split-ring resonators on both sides of a dielectric substrate achieves asymmetric transmission for a forward and backward propagating linearly polarized wave by numerical simulation in near-infrared band. Difference in transmission efficiency of the optimized structure between the same polarized waves incident from opposite directions can reach a maximum at the communication wavelength （1.55 μm）. Moreover, the simulation results of this structure also exhibit strong optical activity and circular dichroism.     

聚合物波导型表面等离子体共振传感器的特性研究

基于表面等离子体共振理论,将SU-8作为波导芯层材料,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为下包层材料,设计了一款聚合物波导型SPR传感器。理论计算了波导芯层折射率、被测物折射率、不同金属薄膜及其厚度等因素对表面等离子体共振曲线的影响。分析结果表明,在可测试范围内,被测物折射率越大,灵敏度越高;波导芯层折射率减小,共振峰向长波方向移动,被测物检测范围整体向折射率小的方向偏移,波导芯层折射率增大则相反。     

Thermal behaviour of two anti-inflammatory drugs (celecoxib and rofecoxib) and slow relaxation dynamics in their amorphous solid state. Comparison between the dynamic fragility obtained by dielectric spectroscopy and by thermostimulated currents

This study of the thermal behaviour of two glass formers showed that rofecoxib has a good ability to vitrify while celecoxib displays a moderate glass forming ability. On the other hand, celecoxib forms an instable glass while rofecoxib displays moderate glass stability. The α-relaxation of the two amorphous drugs was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). The values of the dynamic fragility obtained by the two techniques are in good mutual agreement and suggest that both drugs are moderately fragile glass formers. These values are however considerably lower than those obtained by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and published in the literature. In the present work we will compare the values of the dynamic fragility obtained by TSDC and DRS for a set of ~30 glass-forming liquids, in order to evaluate their relative suitability for the determination of the m-index. The observed differences are discussed and interpreted. Finally, secondary mobility modes were detected by TSDC in both celecoxib and rofecoxib. The kinetic parameters are identical in both cases and similar to those found by DRS for the slow-b relaxation of celecoxib. These secondary relaxations, that are precursors of the main relaxation on its lower temperature side, are believed to be Johari-Goldstein relaxations.     

利用高光谱红边与黄边位置距离识别小麦条锈病

研究的目的是利用高光谱遥感尽可能早地识别出健康与遭受条锈病胁迫的小麦。通过人工田间诱发不同等级条锈病,在不同生育期测定感染不同严重程度条锈病的冬小麦冠层光谱及病情指数(disease index,DI)。对测定的光谱进行平滑并计算一阶微分值,并用两种方法分别提取光谱红边位置(red edge position,REP)与黄边位置(yellow edge position,YEP)：(1)一阶微分最大值法;(2)Cho and Skidmore方法。研究表明随着病情严重度的增加,REP逐渐向短波方向移动,YEP逐渐向长波方向移动,而REP-YEP则迅速的减小。分别对比分析了REP,YEP以及REP-YEP预测DI的能力,结果表明,以REP-YEP为变量的模型预测DI的精度最好,模型估测绝对误差(RMSE)仅为6.22,相对误差(relative error,RE)为14.3%,且能够提前12 d识别出健康与病害胁迫的小麦。该研究不仅可为将来利用高光谱遥感大面积监测小麦病害提供理论与技术支持,而且对精准农业的实施也具有重要意义与实际应用价值。     

Synergistic antibacterial effects of ultrasound and thyme essential oils nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli O157:H7

Essential oil nanoemulsions have been proven to have stronger antimicrobial effects compared to the essential oil alone or coarse emulsion. Sonoporation could be the promising candidate to trigger a synergistic effect with thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON) and produce a more effective antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, in this study, the bactericidal effects of ultrasound (US) in combination with TEON treatments against Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 were investigated. The remarkable synergistic effects of US (20 kHz, 255 W/cm², 9 min) and TEON (0.375 mg/mL) treatments at 22 °C reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 7.42 ± 0.27 log CFU/mL.The morphological changes of cells exposed to different treatments were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the synergistic effects of the ultrasound and TEON treatments altered the morphology and interior microstructure of organism cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images revealed that the combination treatments of ultrasound and TEON altered the permeability of cell membranes, and this affected the integrity of E. coli O157:H7 cells. This was further indicated by the high amounts of nucleic acids and proteins released from these cells following treatment.The results from this study illustrated the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of sonoporation and TEON treatments and provided valuable information for their potential in food pasteurization.     

A Method for Measuring the Three-Dimensional Refractive-Index Distribution of Single Cells Using Proximal Two-Beam Optical Tweezers and a Phase-Shifting Mach—Zehnder Interferometer

This paper describes a method for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) refractive-index distribution in a single cell. The method can be used to observe the distribution of cell components without fluorescence staining. The two-dimensional optical path length distributions from multiple directions are obtained by non-contact rotation of the cell. These optical path lengths are converted into the line integrals of the refractive index, and the 3D refractive-index distribution is reconstructed by means of computed tomography. The refractive-index distribution in a breast cancer cell can be measured using a phase-shifting Mach—Zehnder interferometer in conjunction with proximal two-beam optical tweezers.     

Determination of the refractive index of spherical erythrocytes of human blood in the range 0.3–1.2 µm

A proposed procedure for determining the spectral values of the refractive index of spherical erythrocytes of human blood is based on angular light scattering and the use (for one-time scattering) of a multiple regression equation. A theoretical study of the stability of the relationship between the light scattering indicatrix and the refractive index of erythrocytes toward possible variations of their microstructure parameters is performed in order to select the optimal angles. The precision of the proposed method and its sensitivity to indicatrix measurement uncertainties are estimated. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 382–386, May–June, 2007.