Sonodynamic action of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester induces mitochondrial damage in liver cancer cells

Sonodynamic therapy with pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa) presents a promising aspect in treating liver cancer. The present study aims to investigate the mitochondrial damage of liver cancer cells induced by MPPa-mediated sonodynamic action. Mouse hepatoma cell line H₂₂ cells were incubated with MPPa (2 μM) for 20 h and then exposed to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.97 W/cm² for 8 s. Cytotoxicity was investigated 24 h after sonodynamic action using MTT assay and light microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was analyzed using flow cytometry with rhodamine 123 staining and ultrastructural changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The cytotoxicity of MPPa-mediated SDT on H₂₂ cell line was 73.00 ± 3.42%, greater than ultrasound treatment alone (28.12 ± 5.19%) significantly while MPPa treatment alone had no significant effect on H₂₂ cells. Moreover, after MPPa-mediated SDT cancer cells showed swollen mitochondria under TEM and a significant collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings demonstrated that MPPa-mediated SDT could remarkably induce cell death of H₂₂ cells, and highlighted that mitochondrial damage might be an important cause of cell death induced by MPPa-mediated SDT.     

掺杂Nb、B等元素对MoVTe催化剂一步催化氧化丙烯制丙烯酸的影响

采用共沉淀法制备MoVTe复合氧化物系列催化剂,研究其一步氧化丙烯制备丙烯酸的催化性能,并采用XRD、ICP、EDS、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD对催化剂的结构、表面进行表征.结果表明,加入适量的Nb显著提高MoVTe复合氧化物对丙烯酸的选择性,可从34.1%提高至83.5%;同时丙烯酸的收率从24.7%提高到48.8%.适量Nb存在可以稳定催化剂表面Te元素,从而提高了丙烯酸的选择性;B、Fe、Ce、W元素掺杂对催化剂催化性能产生不同的影响,B掺杂提高了催化剂的催化性能,加入酸性元素硼可增加MoVTeNb复合氧化物催化剂表面丙烯活化位点(Te4+=O·Te3+─O·)的数目,使得丙烯转化率和丙烯酸收率显著提高,分别高达89.8%和64.8%.     

聚L-谷氨酸乙酯手性固定相的制备及色谱评价

合成了聚L-谷氨酸乙酯,并将其三氯甲烷溶液涂敷在3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅胶上,合成和表征了聚L-谷氨酸乙酯涂敷手性固定相,以不同比例的正己烷-异丙醇、正己烷-无水乙醇为流动相,探究了在正相液相色谱条件下聚L-谷氨酸乙酯涂敷手性固定相对部分手性化合物和位置异构体的拆分能力。实验结果表明:有4种手性化合物对映体(联糠醛、奥美拉唑、萘普生、四咪唑)和9种位置异构体(o,m,p-碘苯胺、o,m,p-氯苯胺、o,m,p-溴苯胺、o,m,p-硝基苯胺、o,m,p-甲苯胺、o,m,p-氯酚、o,m,p-二硝基苯、o,m,p-苯二酚、o,m,p-氨基苯酚)得到不同程度的拆分,表明聚L-谷氨酸乙酯涂敷手性固定相能对手性药品进行一定的拆分,对位置异构体有较好的分离能力。     

First Total Synthesis of (−)‐Ligustiphenol

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (?)‐ligustiphenol is reported. The key step was conducted by exploiting a steric hindrance effect to control the formation of the adduct in a nucleophilic α‐Li‐phenolate addition reaction to the intermediate α‐oxo (?)‐menthyl ester. The synthesis is concise and feasible for the construction of analogous compounds and investigation of their biological activity.     

Preparation of Nitriles by the Modification of Mitsunobu-Wilk Procedure III Carbon Elongation of Hydroxy Esters

An efficient one-step procedure for the conversion of hydroxy esters into the corresponding nitrile esters using triphenylphosphine (PPh₃)-diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in the presence of acetone cyanohydrin is described.     

Zearalenone Mimics: Synthesis of (E)-6-(1-Alkenyl)-substituted β-Resorcylic Acid Esters

Two versatile strategies for the synthesis of mimics of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (1) have been developed. Optimized preparation of (E)-6-(1-alkenyl) substituted β-resorcylic acid esters was realized via ortho-directed lithiation of variable substrates combined with allylation/isomerization or via formylation/Schlosser–Wittig olefination using different protective group patterns. Spontaneous decarboxylation of (E)-6-(1-alkenyl) substituted β-resorcylic acids indicated the influence of this substituent on the chemical behavior of these compounds. These mimics were already used for the development of optimized standard protocols for the synthesis of phase II metabolites of ZEN (glucosides, glucuronides), and further applications (i.e., sulfate conjugates) are still under investigation.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.     

Preparation of N-Acetyl-2-arylglycin Esters by N-H Insertion Reaction of Aryldiazoacetates with Acetamide

The intermolecular N-H insertion reaction of methyl α-diazo α-arylacetate with acetamide has been investigated using transition-metal complexes as catalysts. The Cu(II) complex Cu(hfacac)₂ (hfacac represents hexafluoroacetylacetonate) has proven to be the most active catalyst to yield methyl N-acetyl-2-phenylglycin in good isolated yield (73–80%) with 3 mmol% of catalyst loading in reflux toluene. The catalyst is also valuable to the substituted aryldiazoacetates at the 4-position on phenyl ring.     

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Novel Highly Functionalized Dihydroanthra[1,2-b]furan-6,11-dione Derivatives

A convenient and environmentally friendly solvent-free procedure has been developed to react 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of triphenylphosphine in one pot to afford novel dialkyl (E)-2-{1,5-dihydroxy-6-[3-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-oxo-2-(triphenyl-λ ⁵-phosphanylidene)propyl]-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-2-anthracenyl}-2-butanedioate 3a–c. As a result of intramolecular nucleophilic attack at 90 °C, novel dialkyl (E)-2–{2,7-dihydroxy-3-[2-methoxy-2-oxo-1-(triphenyl-λ ⁵ phosphanylidene)ethyl]-6,11-dioxo-6,11-dihydroanthra[1,2-b]furan-8-yl}-2-butanedioates 4a–c were produced in good yield.     

含5-氟尿嘧啶水凝胶的制备及体外透皮释放

制备了一种魔芋葡甘聚糖接枝丙烯酸水凝胶,并将其作为亲水药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)透皮释放制剂基材.考察了不同魔芋葡甘聚糖与丙烯酸摩尔比的凝胶在pH 7.4的溶胀率,结果表明凝胶的溶胀率随丙烯酸含量的增加而增大.采用浸泡吸附法得到含5-FU的载药凝胶,利用改进Franz扩散池进行了离体小鼠皮肤透皮释放实验,在魔芋葡甘聚糖和丙烯酸摩尔比为1∶60,载药量为3%时获得的最大累积释放量为4 721.2μg/cm2,渗透速率为(542.2±53.0)μg.cm-2.h-1.