Acid-base properties of alumina prepared from a hydrated product of centrifugal thermal activation of hydrargillite (cta-product)

Summary Acid-base properties of aluminas prepared by thermal treatment of a hydrated CTA-product at 600°C were studied. The CTA-oxides, representing γ-Al₂O₃, were shown to contain terminal and bridged OH-groups. The concentration of the terminal OH-groups in the CTA-oxides was found to exceed their concentration in γ-Al₂O₃ prepared by dehydration of the “precipitated” pseudoboehmite, whereas the concentration of the bridged OH-groups in the CTA-oxides was lower than that in γ-Al₂O₃ prepared from pseudoboehmite. The total concentration of the surface Lewis acid sites in CTA-oxides varies within the limits of 2.80-4.14 mmol/m² and is essentially above that in g-Al₂O₃ (2.25 mmol/m²). The distinctive feature of the CTA-oxides is that their surface contains strong Lewis acid sites with n_CO = 2220 and 2238 cm^-1. The total concentration of basic sites in the CTA-oxides is lower than that in g-Al₂O₃, however, in contrast to g-Al₂O₃,they contain strong basic sites with n_CDCl3 = 2200 cm^-1.     

酸碱平衡紊乱中肾调节作用的量化处理

将血浆中PaCO2作为自变量、△[HCO3-]/△PaCO2作为因变量,对慢性呼吸性酸碱平衡紊乱时,肾的代偿调节作用进行了量化处理.根据两者间的量化关系,看到:慢性呼吸性酸中毒时,随着血浆中PaCO2值越来越大,△[HCO3-]/△PaCO2的变化率越来越小;慢性呼吸性碱中毒时,随着血浆中PaCO2值越来越小,△[HCO3-]/△PaCO2的变化率也越来越小.这些结果完全符合生物学规律.提示这一量化处理对研究慢性呼吸性酸碱平衡紊乱时,肾代偿调节机制、代偿强度等有一定的意义.     

铂基催化剂用于柴油烃氧化

The catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons was investigated.The activity of supported Pt catalysts(Pt/Al2O3,Pt/ZrO2,Pt/TiO2,and Pt/H-ZSM-5)depends on the metal oxide support.Pt/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity when the catalysts were aged at 750°C for 50 h in air.The activity of Pt/Al2O3 was dependent on the valence state of the Pt surface.Pt/Al2O3 with the Pt surface in the metallic state was more active than with the surface in the cationic state.The surface density of acid and basic sites on the Al2O3 support controlled the valence state of the Pt surface and stability of the Pt particles in the highly dispersed state,respectively.     

A Soft Grip: Magnesium Complexes with a Phosphine‐Modified Phosphonium Diylidic Lewis Base

Simple strategies to obtain magnesium complexes with the soft chelating diylidic ligand [Ph₂PCHPPh₂(fluorenylidene)]^? (dppmflu^?) were developed to evaluate the influence of the hard acid (cation) and soft base (anion) mismatch on the stability and reactivity of the formed derivatives. Deprotonation of the precursor Ph₂PCH₂PPh₂(flu) (dppmfluH) by an alkylmagnesium derivative or magnesium amide provided access to [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐nBu)}₂], [Mg(dppmflu){N(SiMe₃)₂}], and [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐Me)}₂], which were used as starting materials for further investigations. The reaction of [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐nBu)}₂] with PhSiH₃ in the presence of THF allowed isolation of the magnesium hydride complex [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐H)(thf)}₂] without a stabilizing nitrogen donor ligand. Prolonged heating enforced ligand redistribution and [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐H)(thf)}₂] was converted to [Mg(dppmflu)₂] and MgH₂. The homoleptic derivative [Mg(dppmflu)₂], in which the magnesium center is in a very soft ligand environment, can open a THF molecule by frustrated Lewis pair reactivity to give [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ‐OC₄H₈dppmflu)}₂].     

六方纳米氧化铟的制备及其气敏性质和表面酸碱性质研究

以十二胺和油酸为结构导向剂, 利用溶剂热法制备了星状六方结构纳米In₂O₃. 用透射电镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重-差热对产物进行了表面形貌和结构的表征. 气敏测试结果表明, In₂O₃在300 ℃对乙醇气体具有快速敏感的传感性能和良好的选择性. 采用自动电位滴定技术研究了纳米氧化铟的表面酸碱性质, 测定了氧化铟表面羟基浓度. 在pH＝5～7.3范围, In₂O₃表面优势组分为≡InOH.     

介孔α-Fe2O3表面配合反应平衡常数测定

采用十二胺为模板剂、氨水做沉淀剂成功制备了介孔α-Fe₂O₃, 通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N₂吸附/脱附技术对样品晶相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征. 根据介孔α-Fe₂O₃悬浮液的酸碱滴定数据, 使用FITEQL软件, 采用双电层恒电容模型计算得出了介孔α-Fe₂O₃的表面酸碱反应平衡常数. 在此基础上研究了Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, Zn^2＋在介孔氧化铁表面的吸附行为, 使用WinSGW软件模拟得出了相应的表面配合反应平衡常数并讨论了其吸附机理.     

介孔α-Fe2O3表面配合反应平衡常数测定

采用十二胺为模板剂、氨水做沉淀剂成功制备了介孔α-Fe2O3,通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附/脱附技术对样品晶相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征.根据介孔α-Fe2O3悬浮液的酸碱滴定数据,使用FITEQL软件,采用双电层恒电容模型计算得出了介孔α-Fe2O3的表面酸碱反应平衡常数.在此基础上研究了Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在介孔氧化铁表面的吸附行为,使用WinSGW软件模拟得出了相应的表面配合反应平衡常数并讨论了其吸附机理.     

Thermodynamics of Protolytic Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of Biologically Active Ligands

The protolytic equilibria in aqueous solutions of different amino acids and dipeptides were studied by a direct calorimetric method at 288–328 K. The measurements were made with an isothermal-shell calorimeter with automatic temperature recording. The thermodynamic characteristics of the processes of acid-base equilibria were found from the combined results of thermochemical measurements and equilibrium constant data. Gurney concepts were used to analyse the thermodynamic characteristics of reactions. Comparisons of the temperature-dependent and temperature-independent contributions to the Gibbs energy and enthalpy change afford the criteria of the variability in sign of the ΔH of the process, i.e. they allow prediction of the magnitude of the temperature θ at which ΔH = 0. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamic Model of Inorganic Arsenic Species in Aqueous Solutions. Potentiometric Study of the Hydrolytic Equilibrium of Arsenious Acid

A potentiometric study of the hydrolysis of arsenious acid was carried out to define the thermodynamic model of the inorganic arsenic species in aqueous solutions. The protonation equilibrium of arsenious acid was determined at 25^°C. The variation of the stoichiometric formation constant with the ionic strength was also studied up to ionic strength 3.0 mol-dm^–3 in aqueous NaClO₄, NaCl, and KCl. The thermodynamic formation constant of arsenious acid (log K ^o = 9.22 ± 0.01) and the various interaction parameters were computed using the Modified Bromley Methodology (MBM), for both the molar and molal concentration scales at constant temperature (25^°C). The results showed the importance, not only of ionic strength, but also of the composition of the ionic medium on the distribution of the acid-base As(III) species as a function of pH in natural waters.     

Mg-Al-Ti层状双氢氧化物的零电荷点和界面酸-碱反应平衡常数

采用共沉淀法, 固定Mg²⁺/(Al³⁺+Ti⁴⁺)摩尔比为3.00, 改变Ti⁴⁺/(Al³⁺+Ti⁴⁺)摩尔比（R_Ti, 0~0.40）, 合成了5个Mg-Al-Ti-CO₃层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）样品, 并进行了表征. 采用电势滴定、 盐滴定和电势质量滴定法, 测定了其结构电荷密度（σ_st）、 零净电荷点（pH_PZNC）和零净质子电荷点（pH_PZNPC）等, 并基于普适1-pK和2-pK模型得出其表面羟基酸碱反应特征平衡常数（pK, pK{}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}}和pK{}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}}）, 考察了R_Ti对LDHs晶体结构和界面电化学性质的影响. 研究结果表明, 随着R_Ti增大,晶胞常数和层间距均增大, 可归因于Ti⁴⁺离子间强静电排斥作用. pH_PZNC和pH_PZNPC以及pK, pK{}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{1}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}}和pK{}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}}均随R_Ti的增大而有增大的趋势, 表明表面羟基去质子化趋势降低. 各LDHs样品的pH_PZNPC值低于其pH_PZNC值, 且随电解质（NaNO₃）浓度的增大而升高, 可归因于结构正电荷效应.