Numerical simulation of the flow field in a reactor for titanium dioxide production

A physicochemical and fluid dynamic model is formulated for the numerical simulation of the flow field in a reactor for titanium dioxide production, the turbulence motion is described by theKε equation, the governing equations are solved by the SIMPLER algorithm devised by Partankar and Spalding. The velocity, tmperature and concentration fields are obtained for three cases: A) with chemical reaction and thermal insulation on the walls; B) with chemical reaction and wall temperature is 450K; C) without chemical reaction and thermal insulation on the walls, and the physicochemical numerical simulation for the titanium dioxide production has been done. The results of the paper can be used as a theoretical guide for the engineers in the design of such reactors.     

等离子体填充带状螺旋线的色散方程

利用线性场理论和螺旋线的导带模型，对填充等离子体的带状螺旋线进行了严格的场分析.在给出各区域电磁场分量表达式的基础上，利用螺旋带的边界条件，导出了等离子填充带状螺旋线中电磁波传播的色散方程. 关键词： 等离子体 带状螺旋线 色散方程     

The individual success of musicians, like that of physicists, follows a stretched exponential distribution

Over the last five years or so, a number of studies have focussed on the distribution of `success' in physics and other sciences; in these studies, `success' is measured by the number of times a paper, or an author, is cited. The distribution of citations of individual papers approximates to a power-law [S. Redner, Eur. Phys. J. B 4, 131 (1998)], while lifetime total citations of the 1120 most-cited physicists follows a stretched exponential [J. Laherrère, D. Sornette, Eur. Phys. J. B 2, 525 (1998)]. Here, I examine the distribution of success in popular music, a field of creativity that has social structures very different from those of physics, and which is generally held to be controlled primarily by fashion. For this study, the lifetime total success of bands was measured by the total number of weeks they were in the weekly `top 75' list of best-selling recordings. Like the lifetime success of physicists reported by Laherrere and Sornette, the success of the 6107 bands that appeared in the UK `top 75' from 1950 until 2000 follows a stretched exponential of the form P(x)dx = c(x ^{c - 1}/x ₀ ^c)exp[- (x/x ₀)^c]dx; for the music data, c = 0.5 and x ₀ = 9.37. Received 23 October 2001 Published online 25 June 2002     

Phase diagram of the extended hubbard model with pair hopping interaction

A one-dimensional model of interacting electrons with on-site U, nearest-neighbor V, and pair-hopping interaction W is studied at half-filling using the continuum limit field theory approach. The ground state phase diagram is obtained for a wide range of coupling constants. In addition to the insulating spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) phases for large U and V, respectively, we identify a bond-charge-density-wave (BCDW) phase W < 0, | U - 2V| < | 2W| and a bond-spin-density-wave (BSDW) for W > 0, | U - 2V| < W. The possibility of bond-located ordering results from the site-off-diagonal nature of the pair-hopping term and is a special feature of the half-filled band case. The BCDW phase corresponding to an enhanced Peierls instability in the system. The BdSDW is an unconventional insulating magnetic phase, characterized by a gapless spin excitation spectrum and a staggered magnetization located on bonds between sites. The general ground state phase diagram including insulating, metallic, and superconducting phases is discussed. A transition to the η-superconducting phase at | U - 2V| ≪ 2t?W is briefly discussed. Received 20 February 2002 / Received in final form 11 April 2002 Published online 19 July 2002     

Role of Al or Eu on thermoluminescence of Al- and/or Eu-doped SiO2 crystals

Although SiO₂ crystals have been used in electroluminescence devices and thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeters, the emission mechanism of TL has not yet been clearly explained. Recently, as we could get amorphous and highly pure SiO₂ prepared by the sol-gel method, we have investigated the TL emission mechanism using Al³⁺- and/or Eu³⁺-doped SiO₂ crystalline samples prepared by the heat-treatment under much lower temperature that the melting point of SiO₂. The TL spectrum of the Eu³⁺-doped sample displayed several peaks, including two main peaks due to the electron transitions from ⁵D₂ to ⁷F₅ (ca. 570 nm) and from ⁵D₀ to ⁷F₂ (ca. 610 nm). As doping concentration increased, all the peak intensities reduced from maximum values except that due to the electron transition from ⁵D₀ to ⁷F₂. These observations are thought to result from a cross-relaxation process due to the lack of inversion symmetry at the Eu³⁺ site.     

The effect of a coriolis force on Taylor-Couette flow

Taylor-Couette flow subject to a Coriolis force is studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the Couette apparatus is mounted on a turntable with the axis of the cylinders orthogonal to the rotation vector of the turntable. The Coriolis force stabilizes the fluid against the onset of Taylor vortices and alters the velocity fields, both above and below the transition from the initial flow. At small dimensionless turntable frequencies, the transition yields time-independent Taylor vortices which are tilted with respect to the cylinder axis. At larger there is a direct transition to turbulence. We determine the first-order correction to the classical Couette initial flow, to account for the effects of the Coriolis force, by expanding in powers of. We present numerical results for the axial velocity (the only nonvanishing correction term to order) in the infinite-cylinder approximation.     

The relation between the radii and the densities of magnetic skyrmions

Compared with the traditional magnetic bubble, a skyrmion has a smaller size, and better stability and therefore is considered as a very promising candidate for future memory devices. When skyrmions are manipulated, erased and created, the density of skyrmions can be varied, however the relationship between the radii and the densities of skyrmions needs more exploration. In this paper, we study this problem both theoretically and by using the lattice simulation. The average radius of skyrmions as a function of material parameters, the strength of the external magnetic field and the density of skyrmions is obtained and verified. With this explicit function, the skyrmion radius can be easily predicted, which is helpful for the future study of skyrmion memory devices.     

信息化课堂教学设计--以“刚体定轴转动的角动量及角动量守恒定律”为例

遵循“学生主体、教师主导”的教育教学理念,借助信息化教学工具,合理有效地设计好每一个教学环节.采用演示、体验、探究、问题导向和分组讨论等教学手段和方法,让学生在课堂中自主发现问题、分析问题并解决问题,实现“学生做中学、教师做中教”,大大提升教学效果.     

Study of Nonlinear Models of Oscillatory Systems by Applying an Intelligent Computational Technique

In this paper, we have analyzed the mathematical model of various nonlinear oscillators arising in different fields of engineering. Further, approximate solutions for different variations in oscillators are studied by using feedforward neural networks (NNs) based on the backpropagated Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (BLMA). A data set for different problem scenarios for the supervised learning of BLMA has been generated by the Runge–Kutta method of order 4 (RK-4) with the “NDSolve” package in Mathematica. The worth of the approximate solution by NN-BLMA is attained by employing the processing of testing, training, and validation of the reference data set. For each model, convergence analysis, error histograms, regression analysis, and curve fitting are considered to study the robustness and accuracy of the design scheme.