Theoretical calculations of spin-Hamiltonian parameters and defect structures for Cu2+ in trigonally-distorted tetrahedral sites of ZnO and GaN crystals

The spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors g _//, g ⊥ and hyperfine structure constants ⁶³ A _//, ⁶³ A ⊥, ⁶⁵ A _//, ⁶⁵ A ⊥) for Cu²⁺ ions in the trigonally-distorted tetrahedral sites of ZnO and GaN crystals are calculated from a complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method (CDM) based on a two spin-orbit parameter model for d ⁹ ions in trigonal symmetry. In the method, the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction terms are added to the Hamiltonian in the conventional CDM. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated SH parameters are also compared with those using the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method only within the ² T ₂ term. It appears that, for exact calculations of SH parameters of d ⁹ ions in trigonal tetrahedral clusters in crystals, the present CDM is preferable to the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method within the ² T ₂ term. The local structures of Cu²⁺ centers (which differ from the corresponding structure in the host crystal) in ZnO : Cu²⁺ and GaN : Cu²⁺ are obtained from the calculations. The results are discussed.     

Indications of bulk property changes from surface ion implantation

In the majority of cases, the effects of ion implantation are confined close to the implant zone but, potentially, the resultant distortions and chemical modifications could catalyse relaxations extending into the bulk substrate. Such possibilities are rarely considered but the present data suggest that high dose ion implantation of ZnO has induced bulk changes. Surface implants with Cu and Tb strongly modified the low temperature bulk thermoluminescence properties generated by X-ray irradiation. Suggestions are proposed for the possible mechanisms for bulk relaxations and structural characteristics, which may indicate where such instability may occur in other lattice structures.     

Zinc oxide nanoparticles reinforced conducting poly(aniline-co-p-phenylenediamine) nanocomposite

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and formation of composite with conducting copolymer via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles with an average diameter of 15–25?nm were dispersed in the copolymer matrix. The comonomer molecules were adsorbed on the surface of ZnO particles and then polymerized to form core–shell nanocomposite. The obtained nanocomposite showed a significant improvement in the thermal behavior as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis. The nanocomposite was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Room temperature conductivity of nanocomposite was higher than the value obtained for the pure copolymer. Photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV irradiation.     

Eu-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Sonochemical synthesis,characterization, and sonocatalytic application

Undoped and europium (III)-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a sonochemical method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The crystalline sizes of undoped and 3% Eu-doped ZnO were found to be 16.04 and 8.22 nm, respectively. The particle size of Eu-doped ZnO nanoparticles was much smaller than that of pure ZnO. The synthesized nanocatalysts were used for the sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 17. Among the Eu-doped ZnO catalysts, 3% Eu-doped ZnO nanoparticles showed the highest sonocatalytic activity. The effects of various parameters such as catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, pH, ultrasonic power, the effect of oxidizing agents, and the presence of anions were investigated. The produced intermediates of the sonocatalytic process were monitored by GC–Mass (GC–MS) spectrometry.     

Sonochemical approach for synthesis of zinc oxide-poly methyl methacrylate hybrid nanoparticles and its application in corrosion inhibition

Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) with zinc oxide and polymethyl metha acrylate (inorganic/ polymer) were synthesized through the exploitation of ultrasound approach. The synthesized HNPs were further characterized employing transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. ZnO-PMMA based HNPs exhibit excellent protection properties to mild steel from corrosion when gets exposed to acidic condition. Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was accomplished to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of MS panel coated with 2 wt% or 4 wt% of HNPs and its comparison with bare panel and that of loaded with only standard epoxy coating., Tafel plot and Nyquist plot analysis depicted that the corrosion current density (I_corr) decreases from 16.7 A/m² for bare material to 0.103 A/m² for 4% coating of HNPs. Applied potential (E_corr) values shifted from negative to positive side. These results were further supported by qualitative analysis. The images taken over a period of time indicated the increase in lifetime of MS panel from 2 to 3 days for bare panel to 10 days for HNPs coated panel, showing that ZnO-PMMA HNPs have potential application in metal protection from corrosion by forming a passive layer.     

氧化锌发光中心的统计力学模型

根据ZnO结构的两种空隙(四面体和多面体),提出了一种发光模型.用统计系综求得了上述两种填隙锌的数量计算公式.     

Fe-Co-Ni衬底上准定向ZnO亚微米杆的制备及其光学性质

以Fe-Co-Ni合金为衬底,硝酸锌(Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O)和氨水(NH_2·H_2O)为原料,采用水热法生长出准定向的ZnO亚微米杆阵列.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及室温光致发光谱(PL)研究了ZnO样品的结构、形貌和光学性质.在合适温度(85℃)下长出的ZnO亚微米杆直径较均匀,定向性较好,具有良好的紫外发光特性;在较高的生长温度(100℃)下得到的ZnO样品是分叉杆簇团.Ni衬底上的生长实验获得了类似于Fe-Co-Ni衬底上的准定向ZnO亚微米阵列.     

用GGA+U法研究稀土掺杂对ZnO电子结构磁性和光学性质的影响

基于自旋密度泛函理论框架下的广义梯度近似平面波模守恒赝势方法,确定了准确计算Zn_(16)O_(16)超晶胞各原子对应的U值;通过计算形成能和化学键的布局分析了掺杂结构的稳定性;通过原子电荷布局和自旋电子态密度的计算分析了掺杂结构的能带结构和磁性状态;讨论了各稀土原子掺杂对ZnO吸收光谱的影响.结果表明:稀土元素的引入使晶格膨胀,Zn-O键最长键增大而最小键减小,导致氧四面体畸变;Y/La/Ce掺杂的ZnO具有亚铁磁性,Th掺杂ZnO则呈弱铁磁性,Ac掺杂ZnO为顺磁体;稀土元素使ZnO的价带和导带下移,费米能级进入导带,增强了体系的电导率;Y/La/Ac掺杂对ZnO带隙宽度的影响较小,吸收光谱略微蓝移,而Ce/Th掺杂则有效提升了ZnO对可见光的吸收.     

Flexible electrically pumped random lasing from ZnO nanowires based on metal–insulator–semiconductor structure

Flexible electrically pumped random laser(RL) based on ZnO nanowires is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. The ZnO nanowires each with a length of 5 μm and an average diameter of 180 nm are synthesized on flexible substrate(ITO/PET) by a simple hydrothermal method. No obvious visible defect-related-emission band is observed in the photoluminescence(PL) spectrum, indicating that the ZnO nanowires grown on the flexible ITO/PET substrate have few defects. In order to achieve electrically pumped random lasing with a lower threshold, the metal–insulator–semiconductor(MIS) structure of Au/SiO_2/ZnO on ITO/PET substrate is fabricated by low temperature process. With sufficient forward bias, the as-fabricated flexible device exhibits random lasing, and a low threshold current of ～ 11.5 m A and high luminous intensity are obtained from the ZnO-based random laser. It is believed that this work offers a case study for developing the flexible electrically pumped random lasing from ZnO nanowires.     

一种新型的NH_3气敏光纤传感器

本文作者成功地研究一种二氧化锡与氧化锌混合物薄膜,用作光纤传感器,对氨气具有气敏特性,在一定的浓度范围内,具有良好的线性灵敏度。