花椒挥发油的定性鉴别研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对不同产地的花椒进行挥发油提取,薄层层析法以及气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行鉴别。通过归一化法测定已鉴定成分占挥发油中的百分含量。     

New chemical constituents from the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum and its in vitro anti-inflammatory profile

Chemical investigations on the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum Roxb. (Rutaceae) led to the isolation of two new constituents characterised as 2α-methyl-2β-ethylene-3β-isopropyl-cyclohexan-1β, 3α-diol (1) and phenol-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-4′-(3″, 7″, 11″, 15″-tetramethyl)-hexadecan-1″-oate (2) along with known compounds m-methoxy palmityloxy benzene (3), acetyl phenyl acetate (4), linoleiyl-O-α-D-xylopyranoside (5), m-hydroxyphenoxy benzene (6) and palmitic acid (7). The chemical structures were established with the help of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods. The anti-inflammatory potential of isolated compounds 1 and 2 was evaluated using in vitro target-based anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) was significantly inhibited by the treatment of isolated compounds 1 and 2 in a dose-dependent manner.     

快速分析松脂澄清脂液中松节油含量的新方法

本文用统计方法研究思茅松松脂澄清脂液中松节油含量与酸值的相关关系，建立了不同于通常所用蒸馏法的新分析方法──酸值法。新方法快速、简捷、准确、经济、缩短分析时间５０分钟（７１％）；重复试验的极差的均值为０．１％，降低分析成本７０％；已用于云南省地方标准。     

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Pulicaria vulgaris var. graeca (Sch.-Bip.) Fiori (Asteraceae) growing wild in Sicily and its antimicrobial activity

In this study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Pulicaria vulgaris var. graeca (Sch.-Bip.) Fiori collected in Sicily was evaluated by GC and GC–MS. The main components of P. vulgaris var. graeca oil were hexadecanoic acid (21.7%), β-caryophyllene (14.3%) and geranyl propionate (8.2%). The comparison with other studied oils of genus Pulicaria is discussed. Antibacterial activity against several bacteria, including some ones infesting historical art craft, was also determined.     

Anesthetic constituents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.: A pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive and selective ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of hydroxy‐α‐sanshool, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool, and hydroxy‐γ‐sanshool in rat plasma after the subcutaneous and intravenous administration of an extract of the pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Piperine was used as the internal standard. The analytes were extracted from rat plasma by liquid‐liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C₁₈ column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.9 μm) with a gradient elution system at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/0.05% formic acid in water and the total analysis time was 4 min. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode for the analytes. The calibration curves of the three analytes were linear over the tested concentration range. The intra‐ and interday precision was no more than 13.6%. Extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. The developed and validated method was suitable for the quantification of hydroxy‐α‐sanshool, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool, and hydroxy‐γ‐sanshool and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of these analytes after subcutaneous and intravenous administration to rats.     

Two New Abietane Quinones from Isodon lophanthoides var.Micranthus

The structures of two new abietane quinones,named micranthins A and B,were determined to be 7α-methoxy-14,16-epoxy-8,13-abietabiene-11,12-dione(1) and 16-acetoxy-6,7-dehydroroyleanone (2) respectively,which were isolated from Isodon lophanthoides var.micranthus.     

Separation and Determination of Chemical Constituents in the Roots of Rhus Javanica L. Var. Roxburghiana

From the roots of Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana, totally thirty‐seven known compounds have been isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated based on their spectral analysis as well as comparison with authentic samples. These compounds were grouped to be fifteen triterpenoids, five steroids, two lignans, two flavonoids, nine phenolics, and four other aromatic derivatives. Their cytotoxicities toward two cell lines NUGC‐3 and HONE‐1 were also evaluated.     

An asymmetric ent-kauranoid dimer from Isodon rubescens var. lushanensis

A novel asymmetric ent-kauranoid dimer, lushanrubescensin J (1), was isolated from Isodon rubescens var. lushanensis. Its structure was elucidated by the spectroscopic evidences. The stereochemistry was confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction of its tetraacetate. Compound (1) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against K562 cells with IC₅₀ = 0.93 μg/mL.     

New insight into the mechanism of cellulose and callose biosynthesis: proteases may regulate callose biosynthesis upon wounding

Using a silver-enhanced, gold-secondary antibody immuno-location approach, we investigated the mechanisms for the switch from -1,4- to -1,3-glucan biosynthesis upon wounding. Antibodies against -1,4- and -1,3-glucan synthases were used to locate these synthases before and after wounding of Mung bean (Vigna radiata var Berken) hypocotyls. Within 5 min of wounding, -1,4-glucan synthases which were densely localized on plasma membranes adjacent to the secondary walls at the wound site completely disappeared, and -1,3-glucan synthases became labeled. The immuno-location of the -1,3-glucan synthases in the secondary walls was in good accordance with the region where the -1,4-glucan synthases were localized before wounding. Aniline blue was also utilized to visualize the deposition of callose upon wounding. Within 5 min of wounding, callose had accumulated in the corresponding region where the immuno-labeling of -1,3-glucan synthase was detected after wounding. The -1,3-glucan synthases were always detected from the sieve plate and plasmodesmata which are known to have constitutive synthesis of callose regardless of wounding. Secondary walls located distantly into the tissue away from the wound site were consistently labeled by the -1,4-glucan synthase antibody even after wounding. Immuno-blot analysis clearly shows that the levels of -1,4-glucan synthase subunit Ces A decreased dramatically within 30 min, whereas the -1,3-glucan synthase subunit CFL1 levels increased significantly after wounding. The intensity of labeling reached a maximum at the wound site, and gradually decreased in correspondence with the distance from the wound site. When a protease inhibitor cocktail was applied upon wounding, neither the -1,3-glucan synthase appeared nor callose was deposited during the first 5 min of wounding. On the other hand, -1,4-glucan synthase was detected at the wound site, implying that activation of -1,3-glucan synthase may rely on the degradation of the -1,4-glucan synthase. Our study may provide new insight into -glucan synthesis in higher plants.     

Circadian variation and in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation of volatile compounds from leaves of Piper regnellii (Miq) C. DC. var. regnellii (C. DC.) Yunck (Piperaceae)

Aiming detection of circadian variation in the chemical composition of volatiles from Piper regnellii, the leaves were collected during four different periods (8, 12, 16 and 20 h) in the same day. After extraction by hydrodistillation and GC/MS analysis, no significant variation was observed for the main compounds: germacrene D (45.6 ± 1.5–51.4 ± 3.1%), α–chamigrene (8.9 ± 1.3–11.3 ± 2.7%) and β–caryophyllene (8.2 ± 0.9–9.5 ± 0.3%). Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity against several cancer and non-tumourigenic cells indicated promising activity, especially to HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) with IC₅₀ ranging from 11 ± 3 to 17 ± 3 μg/mL. The obtained volatile oils were pooled and subjected to fractionation to afford pure β-caryophyllene, α-chamigrene and germacrene D, being this last compound the more active against HeLa cells with IC₅₀ of 7 ± 1 μg/mL (34 ± 5 μM). Therefore, the predominance of germacrene D in all analysed oils could justify, at least in part, the activity observed for the volatile compounds from P. regnellii leaves.