Synthesis,chiroptical properties of a helical polyacetylene derivative carrying urea moieties

A novel phenylacetylene derivative containing urea groups was synthesized and polymerized with a Rh catalyst to give the corresponding polymer, poly（1） with moderate number-average molecular weights. The poly（1） was soluble in toluene, CHCI3, CH2C12, THF, DMF, and DMSO, but insoluble in hexane, diethyl ether and MeOH. The specific rotation and circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopic studies revealed that poly（1） took predominantly one-handed helical structures. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding was confirmed by liquid-state IR spectroscopy. The helicity of poly（1） could be tuned by temperature and anion. The helical conformation of the polymer was stable against Br but susceptible to F.     

静电纺丝技术在燃料电池中的应用

静电纺丝是一种简单、实用的制造纳米纤维的技术,所需设备少,易于大规模生产。本文主要从催化剂、固体聚电解质膜及膜电极三方面阐述了静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池中的应用。静电纺丝制得的一维纳米线电催化剂具有稳定的循环性能、优异的传质能力及较低的成本;制备的固体聚电解质膜主要包括Nafion复合膜、阻醇膜及耐温膜,其性能相对于传统的Nafion膜得到了进一步提升,而且,通过采用静电纺丝技术,使膜电极结构得到了优化。最后,对静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池应用过程中可能存在的问题及其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

手性酰亚胺衍生物的合成及其在不对称Aldol反应中的应用

由（S）-脯氨醇衍生的N-Boc-2-氨甲基吡咯烷与与邻苯二甲酸酐经缩合、脱Boc反应,合成了手性酰亚胺化合物4,研究了该类有机小分子催化剂在辅助添加剂2,4-二氯苯甲酸存在下,催化丙酮或环己酮与邻硝基苯甲醛的不对称Aldol反应,产物的产率分别为75%,82%,e.e.值分别为34%,29%。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成丙烯酸异丁酯

利用一水硫酸氢钠为催化剂使丙烯酸和异丁醇酯化合成了丙烯酸异丁酯;研究了一水硫酸氢钠用量、异丁醇用量、反应时间、温度及阻聚剂用量对丙烯酸异丁酯收率的影响.结果表明,当异丁醇与丙烯酸物质的量之比为3∶1,硫酸氢钠催化剂用量为丙烯酸量的2%,阻聚剂(对苯二酚)用量为丙烯酸质量的0.05%,反应时间为3h,反应温度为115℃时,酯化产率可达88.51%.     

焙烧温度对1,4-丁烯二醇加氢Cu/Raney-Ni催化剂结构和性能影响

在Ni-Al合金粉上浸渍硝酸铜溶液,经不同温度焙烧得到Cu改性Ni-Al合金粉,采用质量分数10%NaOH溶液浸渍上述改性合金粉得Cu/Raney-Ni催化剂。采用EDX、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、TEM和NH_3-TPD等手段表征了Ni-Al合金粉及相应Raney-Ni催化剂的元素含量、晶体结构、孔结构特征、表面形貌和表面酸碱性,并以1,4-丁烯二醇加氢制1,4-丁二醇为探针反应,考察了焙烧温度对Raney-Ni催化剂加氢性能的影响。表征分析表明,焙烧温度500℃所制备的CRT500催化剂比表面积较大,为64.96m~2/g;弱酸中心比例较高,达81.2%。结果表明,焙烧温度升高,BED可实现完全转化,BDO选择性和收率均先升高后降低。其中,CRT500加氢性能较好,BED转化率为100.00%,BDO选择性为61.88%。进一步升高焙烧温度,催化剂RCT550和RCT600的BDO选择性和收率反而降低,这是由于高温下催化剂易发生团聚或烧结。结合催化剂表征可知,CRT500具有较好的加氢性能,这与该催化剂具有合适的Ni/Al物质的量比(3.84)、弱酸中心所占比例较大和活性组分Ni分散性好等因素有较大关联。     

电沉积制备MnO2催化剂及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用

通过电沉积的方法获得了一种具有均匀孔隙结构的海绵状二氧化锰催化剂,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段表征了所制备材料的表面形貌、结构及元素构成和赋存价态,采用线性伏安扫描(LSV)法对电沉积材料的电化学性能进行分析,考察其催化氧还原反应的活性,最后以合成的材料为阴极催化剂,构建微生物燃料电池系统,考察其在微生物燃料电池中的应用效果。结果表明,以电沉积二氧化锰为阴极催化剂的微生物燃料电池最大功率密度为975.6 mW/m~2,是以商业二氧化锰为阴极催化剂的电池的1.7倍;这表明作为一种经济、高效、环境友好的阴极氧还原催化剂,电沉积法制备的二氧化锰为实现阴极催化剂的低成本制备以及微生物燃料电池放大化推进提供了新的研究途径。     

溶剂诱导翻转Pickering乳液用于原位循环使用酶催化剂

Separation and recycling of catalysts are crucial for realizing the objectives of sustainable and green chemistry but remain a great challenge, especially for enzyme biocatalysts. In this work, we report a new solvent-induced reversible inversion of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Janus mesosilica nanosheets (JMSNs), which is then utilized as a strategy for the in situ separation and recycling of enzymes. The interfacial active solid particle JMSNs is carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The JMSNs are demonstrated to show order-oriented mesochannels with a large specific surface area, and the hydrophobic octylgroup is selectively modified on one side of the nanosheets. Furthermore, the inversion is found to be a fast process that is strongly dependent on the interfacial activity of the solid emulsifier JMSNs. Such a phase inversion is also a general process that can be realized in various oil/water phasic systems, including ethyl acetate-water, octane-water, and cyclohexane-water systems. By carefully analyzing the capacity of JMSNs with different surface wettabilities for phase inversion, a triphase contact angle (θ) close to 90° and a critical oil-water ratio of 1 : 2 are identified as the key factors to achieve solvent-induced phase inversion via a catastrophic phase inversion mechanism. Importantly, this reversible phase inversion is suitable for the separation and recycling of enzyme biocatalysts that are sensitive to changes in the reaction medium. Specifically, during the reaction, the organic substrates are dissolved in the oil droplets and the water-soluble catalysts are dispersed in the water phase, while a majority of the product is released into the upper oil phase and the enzyme catalyst is confined inside the water droplets in the bottom layer after phase inversion. The perpendicular mesochannels of JMSNs provide a highly accessible reaction interface, and their excellent interfacial activity allows for more than 10 rounds of consecutive phase inversions by simply adjusting the ratio of oil to water in the system. Using the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic resolution of racemic acetate as an example, our Pickering emulsion system shows not only a 3-fold enhanced activity but also excellent recyclability. Because no sensitive chemical reagents are used in this phase inversion process, the intrinsic activities of the catalysts can be preserved even after seven cycles. The current study provides an alternative strategy for the separation and recycling of enzymes, in addition to revealing a new innovative application for Janus-type nanoparticles.     

C.I.颜料红177中间体的制备工艺改进

本文较为系统地研究了铜粉催化剂加入方式对C.I.颜料红177中间体4,4'-二氨基-1,1'-二蒽醌-3,3'-二磺酸(DAS)合成过程中的乌尔曼偶联反应速率的影响规律。 研究结果表明,在55 ℃较佳反应温度下,先加入与溴氨酸钠质量比为2:5的铜粉,反应一段时间后再加入与溴氨酸钠的质量比为1:5的铜粉,与一次性加入与溴氨酸钠的质量比为3:5的铜粉相比较,综合反应时间可节省2~3 h。 另外,对于DAS中混有的铜盐,采取在制备过程中加入柠檬酸的方法予以去除,此举可提高DAS的纯度。 当铜粉与柠檬酸的质量比为6:1时,可使DAS中铜盐的含量小于0.001%。 此外还探究了蒸馏后滤液的剩余量对DAS收率的影响,结果表明,滤液的剩余量在20 mL时,DAS的收率在95%以上。 基于本文的研究结果提出,欲进一步提高该反应的收率,需要寻找更高效的催化剂。     

凹凸棒石在烟气SCR脱硝催化反应中的应用研究进展

选择性催化还原脱硝技术作为当前去除NOx的主要手段,该手段的最主要部分为催化剂。在诸多催化剂载体中,凹凸棒石以其独特的天然一维结构、丰富的表面官能团、热稳定性及成型性好等优势脱颖而出。我们综述了近年来以凹凸棒石为载体在SCR脱硝催化剂制备中的应用,并且论述了影响催化剂SCR脱硝性能的主要因素,同时分析了使此类催化剂失活的原因以及失活催化剂的再生方法,并揭示了此类催化剂可能遵循的SCR反应机理,最后对催化剂未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

SAPO系磷铝分子筛的晶化及其复合催化剂对CO加氢的影响

探索了机械搅拌、配料组成、晶化参数等因素对SAPO-34和SAPO-5磷铝分子筛水热合成的影响,考察了混粒（颗粒混合）工艺和研粉（粉体研磨）工艺对“磷铝分子筛/尖晶石”复合催化剂制备的影响。与SAPO-34分子筛相比,SAPO-5分子筛晶体对机械作用的耐受性较强。用XRD、N2物理吸附、FESEM、EDS研究了材料的结构和织构特征。对比了四种复合催化剂的CO催化加氢性能。能够使复合催化剂更能抑制C–C偶合、从而更富产低碳烃的物相次序为：SAPO-34 > SAPO-5 > “ZnAlCrO4”尖晶石相。能够使复合催化剂具有更高CO加氢活性（即CO转化率）的物相次序为：“ZnAlCrO4”尖晶石相 > SAPO-34 > SAPO-5。