黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究

结合室内共振柱和动三轴实验,对黄河三角洲饱和原状粉质土体(粉土、粉砂、粉质粘土)动模量和阻尼比的影响因素和发展规律进行了详细的研究。研究表明,在粉粒和粘粒含量对动模量的共同影响中,粉粒含量起着举足起重的作用;侧限压力对归一化剪模比和阻尼比的影响均较显著,相比粘粒含量的影响不大。通过与Seed建议的砂土及饱和粘土的G/Gmax~γ曲线和λ~γ曲线进行对比,结果显示研究区的粉质土相比一般的砂土和饱和粘土而言,其动力变形特性更接近于砂土,但是与砂土也存在着非常明显的差异;其发展规律与其他地区沉积粉质土也较为不同,具有明显的区域性。采用修正了的Hard in-D rnevich模型和对数模型分别对G/Gmax~γ曲线和λ~γ曲线进行拟合,给出了三类粉质土的归一化动力变形G/Gmax~γ/γr关系曲线,对模型中有关参数的影响因素做了初步的探讨。     

应用可见/近红外光谱进行黄酒品种的判别

为了实现对黄酒品种的快速判别,采用可见/近红外光谱对不同品种的黄酒获取光谱曲线,然后采用主成分分析方法对光谱数据进行聚类分析,并将其提取的主成分作为BP神经网络的输入值,建立了黄酒品种鉴别模型。该模型将前6个主成分作为神经网络的输入变量,加速了神经网络的学习速度,提高了模型的预测精度。随机选取每个品种的15个黄酒样本,共45个样本组成预测集,剩余的145个黄酒样本组成训练集建立训练模型,并用预测集样本对其进行验证。将品种鉴别的偏差标准定为±0.1,结果表明,只有1个未知样本超出偏差范围,该方法的品种鉴别正确率为97.78％,获得了满意的结果。说明文章提出的方法具有很好的分类和鉴别作用,为黄酒品种的快速鉴别提供了一种新方法。     

黄河上游水体中重金属分布特征及重金属污染指数研究

为了研究黄河上游地区水体中重金属含量分布特征及评价该区域重金属污染水平,分别于2014年4月(枯水期)和10月(平水期),在12个采样点采集了24个黄河表层水样。由电感耦合等离子质谱仪ICP-MS测量水样中As,Cd,Cr,Co,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn的含量,并确定黄河上游水体中重金属分布特征和重金属污染指数。结果显示枯水期重金属的平均浓度顺序是：Cr(18.56 μg·L-1)>As(2.95 μg·L-1)>Ni(1.87 μg·L-1)>Mn(1.20 μg·L-1)>Cu(1.12 μg·L-1)>Zn(0.59 μg·L-1)>Pb(0.08 μg·L-1)>Cd(0.01 μg·L-1),平水期的重金属平均浓度顺序是：Mn(596.89 μg·L-1)>Zn(52.46 μg·L-1)>Cu(36.27 μg·L-1)>Ni(25.11 μg·L-1)>Cr(23.19 μg·L-1)>Pb(19.51 μg·L-1)>As(7.30 μg·L-1)>Cd(0.37 μg·L-1)。将重金属含量测定结果与中国和国际水质参考值以及同地区丰水期重金属含量数据进行了比较,结果显示Cr,Mn,Pb和Cu含量高于标准值。同时,用重金属污染指数(HPI)评估所有金属对整个水体的影响,结果表明各选点枯水期HPI值为6.46～11.95,平水期HPI为4.53～210.53。两个季节的重金属分布特征和HPI都显示了明显的季节性变化。研究结果表明黄河研究流域水体重金属含量及HPI均显示平水期重金属污染程度较枯水期高,可能与季节性生产及降水变化有关。研究结果可为相关部门制定环保政策提供可信的实验数据和理论依据。     

Use of Raman microspectroscopy to characterize wallpaintings in Cerro de las Cabezas and the Roman villa of Priego de Cordoba (Spain)

The analysis by Raman microscopy of several wallpainting fragments found at an archaeological site in Fuente Tojar and in the Roman villa of Priego de Cordoba, both in southern Spain, revealed that the most abundant colours in them were obtained from the usual pigments of the time. Thus, red corresponded to red ochre, which consisted of hematite mainly. Also, yellow came from yellow ochre (goethite), blue from Egyptian blue, and grey hues were obtained from mixtures of coal and calcite occasionally also containing gypsum. The components of some pigments were confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The two spectroscopic techniques were additionally used to examine the mortars and the preparatory layer present in the fragments.     

测定黄磷中砷方法的样品前处理的改进

标准方法(GB 7816-1998)测定黄磷中砷时,采用敞开式消解法预处理样品。实践表明该方法耗时,易引入污染,造成测定误差,而且稍有不慎易使黄磷自燃。作为改进,提出了回流冷凝消解法,即2~3 g试样于硝酸(3+2)溶液60 mL中,在160℃电热板上加热回流消解。消解完成后的试液按Ag-DDTC方法进行砷的测定。结果表明:回流冷凝消解法不仅避免了试样的自燃,而且大大缩短了试样消解时间,所测得砷结果的准确度达到原标准方法的水平。     

大准铁路黄河特大桥钢桁梁静载试验

大准铁路黄河特大桥钢桁梁为 96 132 96m三跨连续式、无竖杆刚性桁梁柔性拱组合系结构。运营十年后进行了静载试验,并将测试结果与数值计算进行了对比。钢桁梁在中 -活载和恒载作用下,轴向总应力最大的杆件为A17E18,其总应力为 142. 083MPa。在中 -活载作用下,边跨中和中跨中的挠度,分别为 76. 23mm和 63. 94mm,其挠跨比分别为 1 /1259和 1 /2064。由此可以看出该桥承载力和竖向刚度符合设计标准,满足使用要求,且承载力和竖向刚度安全储备较大。上下游两片主桁受力均匀性较好。测试方法和结果可供类似工程参考。     

风暴潮作用下黄河水下三角洲斜坡稳定性研究

斜坡失稳是河口海岸环境中典型的灾害地质现象之一,其对采油平台、海底管线和电缆的危害性是巨大的。本文以黄河三角洲地区埕岛油田典型海域为研究对象,通过地球物理探测和工程地质钻探获取了10m深度范围内海底土体的分层情况和各土层的物理力学特征,利用GEO-SLOPE/W软件对其水下斜坡的稳定性进行了定量计算。结果显示,极端海况下,水下斜坡表层土体存在产生滑移破坏的可能。另外,对该区海底斜坡失稳的机理进行了探讨,认为风暴潮引起的巨浪是其主要诱因。     

考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡可靠度分析

采用基于Morgenstern-Price法的Monte-Carlo模拟对黄河大堤开封段边坡进行了可靠度分析,并用抽样法进行了考虑土性参数空间变异性的可靠度分析,讨论了土性参数互相关性对可靠指标的影响,得到了一些有益的结论。对边坡工程安全度评价研究有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

含5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶甲酸的黄光铱配合物的合成、光物理性质及量化计算研究

利用环金属配体2-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)-4-甲基吡啶(dfpmpy)和辅助配体5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶甲酸(tfmpic)合成了一个铱配合物[Ir(dfpmpy)₂(tfmpic)],并测定了该配合物的光物理和电化学性质。在乙腈溶液中,配合物发射黄色磷光,其最大波长位于554 nm,理论计算表明其磷光来自于金属和环金属配体到辅助配体的电荷转移跃迁(₃MLCT 或 ₃LLCT)。     

The first Raman spectroscopic study of San rock art in the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park,South Africa

San rock art sites are found throughout southern Africa; unfortunately this unique heritage is rapidly being lost through natural weathering processes, which have been the focus of various studies conducted in the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park since 1992. It has recently been shown that the ability of Raman spectroscopy to identify salts on rock faces on a micro, as well as nano scale, can make a contribution to these projects. In order to test the feasibility of undertaking on‐site analyses, a small rock fragment with red and white pigments still attached, which had weathered off the rock face, was analysed with Raman spectroscopy under laboratory conditions, using a Dilor XY Raman instrument and a DeltaNu Inspector Raman portable instrument. A small sample of black pigment (<1 mm²), collected from a badly deteriorated painting and a few relevant samples collected on site, were analysed as well. It was possible to identify most of the inorganic pigments and minerals detected with previous XRD and EDX measurements including whewellite and weddellite coatings, which could be a tool for carbon dating purposes. Two carotenoid pigments were detected for the first time in San rock art pigments. Animal fat was also observed for the first time on both red and white pigments, on the rock face adjacent to the paintings and in highest concentrations on the back of the rock fragment. The spectra quality makes successful on‐site measurements a good prospect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.