Modelling the impact of wind stress and river discharge on Danshuei River plume

A three-dimensional, time-dependent, baroclinic, hydrodynamic and salinity model, UnTRIM, was performed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal sea in northern Taiwan. The model forcing functions consist of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the main stream and major tributaries in the Danshuei River estuarine system. The bottom friction coefficient was adjusted to achieve model calibration and verification in model simulations of barotropic and baroclinic flows. The turbulent diffusivities were ascertained through comparison of simulated salinity time series with observations. The model simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the available field data.     

Basin-wide cooperative water resources allocation

The Cooperative Water Allocation Model (CWAM) is designed within a general mathematical programming framework for modeling equitable and efficient water allocation among competing users at the basin level and applied to a large-scale water allocation problem in the South Saskatchewan River Basin located in southern Alberta, Canada. This comprehensive model consists of two main steps: initial water rights allocation and subsequent water and net benefits reallocation. Two mathematical programming approaches, called the priority-based maximal multiperiod network flow (PMMNF) method and the lexicographic minimax water shortage ratios (LMWSR) technique, are developed for use in the first step. Cooperative game theoretic approaches are utilized to investigate how the net benefits can be fairly reallocated to achieve optimal economic reallocation of water resources in the second step. The application of this methodology to the South Saskatchewan River Basin shows that CWAM can be utilized as a tool for promoting the understanding and cooperation of water users to achieve maximum welfare in a river basin and minimize the potential damage caused by water shortages, through water rights allocation, and water and net benefit transfers among water users under a regulated water market or administrative allocation mechanism.     

交汇、分流河道洪水演进模型及其应用

通过引入水深连接方程,耦合了干、支流河道的水流运动,给出了它们的流量分配关系,建立了交汇、分流河道洪水演进模型．对交汇河道中水流顶托作用随河道参数的变化规律进行了研究．分析了干、支流洪峰遭遇现象,指出干流和支流的洪峰遭遇是1998年长江大洪水干流高洪水位的重要原因之一．并定性解释长江干流荆江河段的裁弯取直和长江分流河道的淤积对河道水流的影响．     

The change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the post-glacial transgression maximum

During the period of the post-glacial transgression maximum (PGTM), there was a huge trumpet estuary in the modern Changjiang River Delta area. The location and the shape of the Paleo-Changjiang River Estuary (PCRE) were much different from those of the present Chang-Jiang River Estuary. The study on the change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the PGTM can help to understand better the dynamic development of the Changjiang River Delta. The course curves of tidal level and tidal current velocity during a single tidal cycle for 35 points are calculated, and characteristics of tidal waves in the PCRE and its adjacent area are compared with those of tidal waves in the modern Changjiang River mouth area. The results show that the tidal waves within the PCRE and in its adjacent area during the period of the PGTM belonged to standing wave or a mixture of standing wave and progressive wave. Since then, the tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth become gradually to be pr     

Estimation of dissolved inorganic nutrients fluxes from the Changjiang River into estuary

Because the estuary acts as either a trap or a source or both for nutrient elements and will modify greatly the riverine transport to the ocean, it is necessary to calculate the flux from river into estuary and that from estuary into sea, respectively. The present work aims to use a long-term record of nutrients concentrations and runoff discharges on H.e Datong section (625 km inland from the Changjiang River mouth) to identify the variability of nutrients concentrations and to estimate nutrients fluxes from the Changjiang River into the estuary.     

Flood control and shrinkage in the Haihe River Mouth

Because of overusing water resources in the upper and middle reaches of the Haihe Basin, less and less water flows to the river mouth. The Haihe River flow is cut off in most time of the seasons, sediment deposited in the river mouth channel is rarely scoured away, and many of the river mouth channels have been shrinking quickly. The discharge capacity of the channel is consequently reduced greatly, which results in more and more serious flood hazard. Many tide gates have been built for storing fresh water and preventing the salty and turbid water. The channel downstream of the gate is silting up and people have to dredge the channel every year before the flood season. This paper studies the laws of the siltation and strategies controlling channel shrinkage. The strategies are digger dredging, trailer dredging, scouring with pumping water or storing tidal water, building double guiding dikes and building a new gate. Comparison of various strategies is performed, suggesting the most effective strategy con     

珠三角地区生物医药企业人才需求的调查与分析

通过实地走访问卷调查、企业对接会议、招聘会上调查、网上问卷调查等方式对珠三角地区生物医药企业的人才需求状况进行了调查。结果发现企业QC类人才需求最多,占需求岗位的33%;各企业对人才都提出了学历、工作经验、语言技能、计算机技能等基本要求;18%的企业方表示最需吃苦耐劳型人才,并强调生物类人才首先应熟悉掌握仪器分析技术和微生物技术;84%的公司愿意为相关专业大学生提供实习岗位。因此,学校应着重培养学生综合素质,提高学生动手能力,让学生掌握必备专业技能,同时,学生也应树立正确的就业观。     

HR-ICP-MS研究黄河三个连续区域段表层沉积物中重金属污染的空间分布和季节变化

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS) 和地积累指数法(I_geo) 对黄河甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古自治区连续三段表层沉积物中重金属(Cr,Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn 和 Ni)的空间分布和季节性波动(丰水期、枯水期和平水期) 以及污染状况进行系统研究分析,研究结果表明：内蒙古段三个季节中沉积物重金属含量都高于甘肃和宁夏段,同时,除Cd外,丰水期所有点的沉积物重金属含量都高于枯水期和平水期,而枯水期和平水期的重金属含量相近。I_geo结果显示丰、枯水期的Cd,Cu和Cr元素的I_geo值在内蒙古段最高,而在甘肃段最低;所有重金属的I_geo值在丰水期高于枯水期,除Cd外,都在平水期降低,而ICd_geo在平水期各采样点明显上升;丰水期的甘肃段、枯水期的甘肃和宁夏段以及平水期的所有采样点中的Pb,Zn和Ni的I_geo值都小于0,表明这些元素在这些点几乎无污染。就研究区域而言,内蒙古段的重金属含量以及生态风险最高,Cr,Cd和Cu是最具有潜在风险的三个元素;就研究季节而言,丰水期的重金属含量和潜在风险高于枯水期和平水期,可能是跟丰水期沉积物的pH和总有机碳(TOC)含量较高有关。相关性分析(CCA)用来探究重金属与pH/TOC间的关系以及重金属的潜在来源。CCA的结果表明Pb,Cu,Zn和Ni互相相关,并且这四种元素容易受到周围环境pH和TOC的影响,除此之外,Cr,Cd以及TOC 三者相关,且这两种元素受到人类活动影响较严重。该研究工作可为研究区域表层沉积物重金属在不同季节的环境行为提供有效的信息,同时,研究重金属、pH和TOC之间的相关性可有效揭示重金属的潜在来源。     

黄河上游水体中重金属分布特征及重金属污染指数研究

为了研究黄河上游地区水体中重金属含量分布特征及评价该区域重金属污染水平,分别于2014年4月(枯水期)和10月(平水期),在12个采样点采集了24个黄河表层水样。由电感耦合等离子质谱仪ICP-MS测量水样中As,Cd,Cr,Co,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn的含量,并确定黄河上游水体中重金属分布特征和重金属污染指数。结果显示枯水期重金属的平均浓度顺序是：Cr(18.56 μg·L-1)>As(2.95 μg·L-1)>Ni(1.87 μg·L-1)>Mn(1.20 μg·L-1)>Cu(1.12 μg·L-1)>Zn(0.59 μg·L-1)>Pb(0.08 μg·L-1)>Cd(0.01 μg·L-1),平水期的重金属平均浓度顺序是：Mn(596.89 μg·L-1)>Zn(52.46 μg·L-1)>Cu(36.27 μg·L-1)>Ni(25.11 μg·L-1)>Cr(23.19 μg·L-1)>Pb(19.51 μg·L-1)>As(7.30 μg·L-1)>Cd(0.37 μg·L-1)。将重金属含量测定结果与中国和国际水质参考值以及同地区丰水期重金属含量数据进行了比较,结果显示Cr,Mn,Pb和Cu含量高于标准值。同时,用重金属污染指数(HPI)评估所有金属对整个水体的影响,结果表明各选点枯水期HPI值为6.46～11.95,平水期HPI为4.53～210.53。两个季节的重金属分布特征和HPI都显示了明显的季节性变化。研究结果表明黄河研究流域水体重金属含量及HPI均显示平水期重金属污染程度较枯水期高,可能与季节性生产及降水变化有关。研究结果可为相关部门制定环保政策提供可信的实验数据和理论依据。