基于快速骨架提取的三维目标识别(英文)

针对三维目标识别问题,提出了一种基于快速骨架提取的方法。根据骨架所反映的目标拓扑结构,建立了不同目标局部结构之间的对应关系;而在对应的局部曲线段上,采用基于曲线配准的方法进行匹配;以各个局部匹配的成本之和评估不同目标的相似性.这种方法在目标出现一定程度的视觉变形时仍具有较好的识别效果,同时避免了基于曲线方法的匹配目标的局部,而忽略局部之间相互的空间组织的缺点所造成的误匹配.算例结果表明这种算法对于三维目标有较好的识别效果.     

强背景下模糊闪烁成像目标探测与跟踪

 强背景下空中运动目标主要表现为边缘残缺、模糊,甚至出现闪烁、间断等复杂成像特性,这成为制约目标探测和成像跟踪的瓶颈问题。结合跟踪过程反馈信息来确定目标点扩展函数,利用一种新的Ben-Ezra图像复原模型,解决了目标运动模糊的图像复原问题;采用基于特征伴随值的相似性判断方法,构造联结机制的联想网络模型,来解决目标闪烁和残缺特征的联想问题。对提出的方法进行了图像序列的仿真,取得了较好的实验结果。     

Epoxides related to dioncoquinone B: Synthesis,activity against multiple myeloma cells,and search for the target protein

Epoxide 2b is an analog of the synthetic intermediate 2a en route to the polyketide-derived antitumoral naphthoquinone dioncoquinone B (1), isolated from cell cultures of the tropical liana Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Compound 2b was found to induce strong apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells at a concentration (EC₅₀?=?3.5?μM), distinctly lower than that of 1 and any related analog, without exerting significant toxicity against normal blood cells. Preliminary studies showed that 2b follows different SAR rules as compared to the naphthoquinones. Among the series of synthesized epoxides, 2b was the most active one and was thus, after biotinylation, subjected to mass spectrometry-based affinity capture experiments aiming at the identification of target proteins. The MS data revealed 2b to address proteins that are associated with stress regulation processes which are critical for multiple myeloma cell survival.     

Label-free aptasensor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) protein

A label-free aptasensor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) protein is reported. The aptasensor uses mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of a thiol-modified PDGF binding aptamer and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) on a gold electrode. The SAMs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) before and after binding of the protein using [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4−, a redox marker ion as an indicator for the formation of a protein-aptamer complex. The CVs at the PDGF modified electrode showed significant differences, such as changes in the peak currents and peak-to-peak separation, before and after binding of the target protein. The EIS spectra, in the form of Nyquist plots, were analyzed with a Randles circuit while the electron transfer resistance R_ct was used to monitor the binding of the target protein. The results showed that, without any modification to the aptamer, the target protein can be recognized effectively at the PDGF binding aptamer SAMs at the electrode surface. Control experiments using non-binding oligonucleotides assembled at the electrode surfaces also confirmed the results and showed that there was no formation of an aptamer-protein complex. The DPV signal at the aptamer functionalized electrode showed a linearly decreased marker ion peak current in a protein concentrations range of 1-40 nM. Thus, label-free detection of PDGF protein at an aptamer modified electrode has been demonstrated.     

Underwater target localization using long baseline positioning system

The absolute position of an underwater target is difficult to pinpoint because the global positioning system (GPS) cannot penetrate water bodies. The long baseline (LBL) positioning system can extend GPS using high-precision calibrated underwater beacons as references. While traditional LBL systems give the target position without considering calibration error of deployed beacons. To solve this problem, we propose a method different from previous works, that combining the errors of observations together. We use GPS outputs as true values to evaluate the localization performance. An LBL system with four beacons was installed in deep sea to test the results. The positioning accuracy in deep sea improves nearly 5 m. The results suggest that beacon positioning errors have a great impact on localization precision, that is significant in high-precision positioning tasks.     

Cascaded strand displacement for non-enzymatic target recycling amplification and label-free electronic detection of microRNA from tumor cells

The monitoring of microRNA (miRNA) expression levels is of great importance in cancer diagnosis. In the present work, based on two cascaded toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions (TSDRs), we have developed a label- and enzyme-free target recycling signal amplification approach for sensitive electronic detection of miRNA-21 from human breast cancer cells. The junction probes containing the locked G-quadruplex forming sequences are self-assembled on the senor surface. The presence of the target miRNA-21 initiates the first TSDR and results in the disassembly of the junction probes and the release of the active G-quadruplex forming sequences. Subsequently, the DNA fuel strand triggers the second TSDR and leads to cyclic reuse of the target miRNA-21. The cascaded TSDRs thus generate many active G-quadruplex forming sequences on the sensor surface, which associate with hemin to produce significantly amplified current response for sensitive detection of miRNA-21 at 1.15 fM. The sensor is also selective and can be employed to monitor miRNA-21 from human breast cancer cells.     

基于多小波变换的红外目标探测与识别

针对光电联合变换相关器目标识别的实际应用,对待测红外目标图片进行多小波变换,并利用模极大值法提取其边缘.通过获取更多的轮廓信息,从而提高对目标的识别能力.计算机模拟了常用于红外目标处理的多小波GHM和SA4,实验结果表明:基于GHM多小波提取的边缘能获取大量的图像轮廓信息,其识别结果明显优于SA4多小波.将目标原图的光学相关探测结果与基于GHM多小波提取的边缘图像光学相关探测结果进行比较发现,经多小波预处理后的边缘图像能有效增强相关峰强度.     

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪及其在同色异谱目标鉴别中的应用

为了同时获得同色异谱目标的光谱信息和空间分布信息,设计了基于声光可调谐滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter, AOTF)的成像光谱仪,主要包括前置成像透镜组、AOTF滤光成像模块、AOTF驱动器、CCD图像检测器、图像采集卡和计算机。在计算机的控制下,实现波长的快速扫描,获取每个设定波段下的灰度图像,构建一个光谱图像立方体,因此可以获得图像中任意一点的光谱信息。所设计的成像光谱仪,光谱范围为550 ～1 000 nm,光谱分辨率2.6 nm(@632 nm),光谱扫描速度快,任意两个波长之间的切换时间小于80 μs,整个仪器无机械运动部件,功耗低,抗振能力强。利用该仪器对真假玫瑰花进行了鉴别试验,对涂改物证进行了信息复原实验,并成功地辨别出真假玫瑰花和复原出涂改物证,证实了该成像光谱仪具有优异的同色异谱目标鉴别本领,在同色异谱物质的鉴别上具有广阔的应用前景。     

IRST系统的单站机动目标跟踪算法研究

在传统的IRST（红外搜索与跟踪）系统的角测量基础上,增加了红外探测器对目标红外辐射的响应信息这一测量项,且将相邻两次测量的目标红外光谱辐射功率之比作为伪测量,以消除目标红外光谱辐射强度不确定所产生的影响,并由此构造了机动目标跟踪的IMM（交互多模型）算法. 通过跟踪一个高机动目标的仿真过程,对算法性能进行了检验.仿真结果表明:当测量误差较小时,误差的变化对跟踪精度的影响不大,整个跟踪过程中,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过7 m,而且,大多数时刻上的均方误差不超过3 m;当测量误差较大时,近距离（航迹前段和中段）的跟踪精度也是很高的,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过5 m,但是,远距离的跟踪精度下降很快,最大误差达到110 m;速度误差与位置误差也有类似的结果.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.