基于光流估计和自适应背景抑制的弱小目标检测

针对复杂云背景下的弱小目标探测,提出了一种基于光流估计和自适应背景抑制相结合的弱小目标检测算法.首先根据红外图像中云的移动规律,对云背景下的红外图像进行光流分析,提取运动云区.在光流场的计算中结合了云运动的特点以及光流方程的两个约束条件,对传统的基于梯度的光流法予以改进.同时发现移动云区对目标探测的影响较大,为了抑制移动云区对弱小目标的干扰,提出了自适应抑制复杂背景的算法,在光流场分析提取的移动云区中,利用代表背景复杂程度的背景因子,自适应调整分割阈值,抑制复杂背景的干扰.这样只在容易引起虚警的移动云区进行背景抑制处理,简化了计算量,降低了云区对弱小目标的干扰,减少了虚警和误判.实验结果表明该算法可以显著减少云区造成的虚警,并且能够探测出弱小目标.     

一种鲁棒的目标跟踪方法

针对传统特征光流场跟踪方法中由于误差积累和错误匹配而导致的特征点丢失问题,基于一种新的Harris-SIFT特征点表示方法,提出基于预测帧与关键帧的算法框架,实现了光流场运动估计与局部特征识别相结合的目标跟踪方法.预测帧利用塔式分解和递归算法计算特征点的光流场运动矢量,使用运动矢量直方图获取目标的运动矢量,并剔除误匹配点;当特征点数量小于5个时,关键帧使用Harris-SIFT特征点进行局部特征匹配,利用仿射模型对目标精确定位及姿态修正.实验结果表明,本方法对视频序列中的纹理特征目标跟踪的鲁棒性较好,在背景复杂、目标遮挡或暂时丢失情况下,仍可以继续完成目标的可靠跟踪.     

Label-free fluorescent biosensor based on the target recycling and Thioflavin T-induced quadruplex formation for short DNA species of c-erbB-2 detection

Non-invasive early diagnosis of breast cancer is the most effective way to improve the survival rate and increase more chances of breast-conserving. In this paper, we developed a label-free fluorescent biosensor based on nuclease assisted target recycling and Thioflavin T-induced quadruplex formation for short DNA species of c-erbB-2 detection in saliva. By employing the strategy, the sensor can detect as low as 20 fM target DNA with high discrimination ability even against single-base mismatch sequence. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed sensor is the first attempt to apply Thioflavin T that possesses outstanding structural selectivity for G-quadruplex in DNA amplification techniques, which may represent a promising path toward direct breast cancer detection in saliva at the point of care.     

Distortion-invariant pattern recognition using synthetic discriminant function based multiple phase-shifted-reference fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation

This paper proposes a novel pattern recognition system for invariance to noise and distortions. The technique first generates a synthetic discriminant function of the target image from its different distorted versions. It then takes four different phase-shifted versions of the reference image, which are individually joint transform correlated with the given input scene. Thus the proposed algorithm produces a single cross-correlation signal corresponding to each potential target. Also a fringe-adjusted filter is designed to generate a delta-like correlation peak with high discrimination between the signal and the noise. The pattern recognition system is also designed for the identification of multiple targets belonging to multiple reference objects simultaneously in a given input scene. The proposed technique is investigated using computer simulation including real-life images in different complex environments.     

Methodology for the validation of analytical methods involved in uniformity of dosage units tests

Validation of analytical methods is required prior to their routine use. In addition, the current implementation of the Quality by Design (QbD) framework in the pharmaceutical industries aims at improving the quality of the end products starting from its early design stage. However, no regulatory guideline or none of the published methodologies to assess method validation propose decision methodologies that effectively take into account the final purpose of developed analytical methods. In this work a solution is proposed for the specific case of validating analytical methods involved in the assessment of the content uniformity or uniformity of dosage units of a batch of pharmaceutical drug products as proposed in the European or US pharmacopoeias. This methodology uses statistical tolerance intervals as decision tools. Moreover it adequately defines the Analytical Target Profile of analytical methods in order to obtain analytical methods that allow to make correct decisions about Content uniformity or uniformity of dosage units with high probability. The applicability of the proposed methodology is further illustrated using an HPLC-UV assay as well as a near infra-red spectrophotometric method.     

Design of a sensitive aptasensor based on magnetic microbeads-assisted strand displacement amplification and target recycling

A cross-circular amplification system for sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cancer cells was developed based on aptamer–target interaction, magnetic microbeads (MBs)-assisted strand displacement amplification and target recycling. Here we described a new recognition probe possessing two parts, the ATP aptamer and the extension part. The recognition probe was firstly immobilized on the surface of MBs and hybridized with its complementary sequence to form a duplex. When combined with ATP, the probe changed its conformation, revealing the extension part in single-strand form, which further served as a toehold for subsequent target recycling. The released complementary sequence of the probe acted as the catalyst of the MB-assisted strand displacement reaction. Incorporated with target recycling, a large amount of biotin-tagged MB complexes were formed to stimulate the generation of chemiluminescence (CL) signal in the presence of luminol and H₂O₂ by incorporating with streptavidin-HRP, reaching a detection limit of ATP as low as 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ M. Moreover, sample assays of ATP in Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma B cells were performed, which confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol.     

红外多干扰目标模拟器电控系统的实现

红外多干扰目标模拟器提供了一个虚拟的仿真环境,通过模拟红外目标及其释放的干扰的运动情况对红外制导导弹的性能进行测试.在其电控系统的设计中,采用双口RAM来进行多机通讯,并采用了多种控制方法,使系统各性能需求得以较好地实现。     

On the relationship between GC content and the number of predicted microRNA binding sites by MicroInspector

MicroRNA GC content and length is believed to play a role in the prediction of putative microRNA targets. MicroInspector was evaluated to determine the extent to which these characteristics of microRNAs play a role in binding site predictive accuracy. A strong bias towards under predicting the number of expected bindings sites for low GC content sequences was observed, especially for microRNAs with <50% GC content. Researchers working with organisms with unusually low GC content should be aware of this bias.     

一种结合ORB特征匹配的均值漂移目标跟踪算法

针对传统的mean-shift跟踪算法基于单一颜色特征空间,在复杂背景下难以对目标进行准确跟踪这问题,提出了一种结合ORB特征匹配的mean-shift目标跟踪算法。该算法在mean-shift算法的基础上利用改进的ORB特征匹配算法修正目标跟踪窗口并实时更新目标特征模板,通过计算前后两帧图像中目标中心的欧式距离与色彩模板的巴氏距离来判定跟踪是否失败,当目标跟踪失败时,不改变目标模板,继续搜索下一帧图像中的目标。实验结果表明,与均值漂移算法和基于其他同类特征的改进算法相比,该算法提高了在复杂背景下目标跟踪的精度,并能满足实时性要求。     

大气开放光路傅里叶变换红外光谱的定性分析

通过目标波段熵最小化(BTEM)和目标因子分析(TFA)两种化学计量学方法研究了大气开放光路傅里叶变换红外(OP/FT-IR)光谱,从多组分测量数据重建特定目标分子的光谱特征,以实现对大气这种复杂体系的定性分析。在牧场周围完成了5次连续OP/FT-IR光谱测量,将光谱按照测量时间顺序排列,获得5个数据矩阵作为研究对象。结果表明,BTEM和TFA两种方法均可从多组分光谱数据矩阵重建出目标分子的光谱特征,重建效果略有差异。TFA能够克服干扰,提取出目标分子的光谱特征,其重建光谱与相应的参考光谱高度相似。BTEM方法无需目标分子的参考光谱,目标函数最优解所对应的谱图就是纯组分光谱。本研究利用两种方法各自的优势,用化学计量学方法定性分析OP/FT-IR光谱,不仅将BTEM方法应用于OP/FT-IR光谱,而且比较这两种方法的应用,为实现多组分OP/FT-IR光谱定性分析提供了新思路。