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31.
The mechanism of X-ray waveguide-resonance propagation or the radiation superstream model, which can become the ground of X-ray nanophotonics, is discussed briefly. Some attention is devoted to features consideration of the simplest devices characterized by the waveguide-resonance transportation of X-ray beams. The experimental data showing the user possibilities of a simplest waveguide-resonators application for diffractometry are presented. We discuss the main reasons to improve the metrological characteristics for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analytical method in case when the target exciting beam is formed by a waveguide-resonator. Some problems appearing during the waveguide-resonator application are formulated. 相似文献
32.
本文简述了乳浓聚合动力学研究的进展,着重于澳大利亚Sydney大学Gilbert等在乳液聚合阶段Ⅱ动力学方面的研究概况。介绍了不同水溶性单体的小尺寸种子乳液体系的SmithEwart递推方程的求解方法及其解析解形式和乳液聚合动力学数据的处理。同时讨论了该研究的局限性。 相似文献
33.
A current interpretation of XPS spectra of Ni metal assumes that the main 6 eV satellite is due to a two hole c3d94s2 (c is a core hole) final state effect. We report REELS observation in AES at low voltages of losses (plasmons and inter-band transitions) corresponding to the satellite structures in Ni metal 2p spectra. The satellite near 6 eV is attributed to a predominant surface plasmon loss. A current interpretation of Ni 2p spectra of oxides and other compounds is based on charge transfer assignments of the main peak at 854.6 eV and the broad satellite centred at around 861 eV to the cd9L and the unscreened cd8 final-state configurations, respectively (L is a ligand hole). Multiplet splittings have been shown to be necessary for assignment of Fe 2p and Cr 2p spectral profiles and chemical states. The assignments of Ni 2p states are re-examined with intra-atomic multiplet envelopes applied to Ni(OH)2, NiOOH and NiO spectra. It is shown that the free ion multiplet envelopes for Ni2+ and Ni3+ simulate the main line and satellite structures for Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH. Fitting the NiO Ni 2p spectral profile is not as straightforward as the hydroxide and oxyhydroxide. It may involve contributions from inter-atomic, non-local electronic coupling and screening effects with multiplet structures significantly different from the free ions as found for MnO. A scheme for fitting these spectra using multiplet envelopes is proposed. 相似文献
34.
R. Resel M. Oehzelt O. Lengyel T.U. Schülli G. Hlawacek C. Teichert G. Koller 《Surface science》2006,600(19):4645-4649
A para-sexiphenyl monolayer of near up-right standing molecules (nominal thickness of 30 Å) is investigated in-situ by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and ex-situ by atomic force microscopy. A terrace like morphology is observed, the step height between the terraces is approximately one molecular length. The monolayer terraces, larger than 20 μm in size, are extended along the [0 0 1] direction of the TiO2(1 1 0) substrate i.e. along the Ti-O rows of the reconstructed substrate surface. The structure of the monolayer and its epitaxial relationship to the substrate is determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Extremely sharp diffraction peaks reveal high crystalline order within the monolayer, which was found to have the bulk structure of sexiphenyl. The monolayer terraces are epitaxially oriented with the (0 0 1) plane parallel to the substrate surface (out-of-plane order). Four epitaxial relationships are observed. This in-plane alignment is determined by the arrangement of the terminal phenyl rings of the sexiphenyl molecules parallel to the oxygen rows of the substrate. 相似文献
35.
Cr-doped mullites were prepared from single-phase precursors containing up to 9.60 wt% Cr2O3 using a sol-gel technique followed by thermal treatment. Particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the samples. Mullites were orthorhombic, space group Pbam. Cr doping caused the increase of unit-cell parameters. Strongest expansion was noticed along c-axis followed by a and b (Δc/c=0.089, Δa/a=0.061, Δb/b=0.045% per mole Cr2O3). A second phase, namely θ-(Al,Cr)2O3, was revealed by XRD in the sample containing 9.60 wt% Cr2O3. The structure of mullites was refined by the Rietveld method, location of Cr3+ was performed by the EPR spectroscopy. At low chromium doping level (Cr2O3 content less than ∼5 wt%) Cr3+ ions were substituted for Al3+ in the AlO6 octahedra of the mullite structure (M1 site). For higher doping level, Cr3+ ions were additionally substituted for Al3+ in the AlO6 octahedra of the second phase [θ-(Al,Cr)2O3 at 1400 °C, or α-(Al,Cr)2O3 at 1600 °C] which segregated in the system. Substitution of Cr3+ for Al3+ on M1 site in the mullite structure resulted in increase of average distances in (M1)O6 octahedron and decrease of average distances in T*O4 tetrahedron, while average distances in TO4 tetrahedron stayed almost constant. 相似文献
36.
WANG Jiang-yun GU Wen WANG Wen-zhen LIU Xin LIAO Dai-zheng 《高等学校化学研究》2006,22(3):283-286
Introduction Itiswell knownthatcyanogroupsincyanometa latessuchas[Ag(CN)2]-unitscanbeusedasbridg ingligandsandapolymericstructurecanbeformed throughsilver silver(argentophilic)interactions.This propertyhasbeenexploredintheconstructionofmany oligomericandp… 相似文献
37.
Materials from the Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.50) solid solution were obtained by solid-state reaction in air at 1000 °C. Selected compositions were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrochemical lithium intercalation. The structure of all samples determined by Rietveld analysis is of the Nasicon type with the R
space group. Mn2+/Ca2+ ions occupy only the M1 sites in the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. The divalent cations are ordered in one of two M1 sites, except for the Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 phase, where a small departure from the ideal order is observed by XRD and 31P MAS NMR. The electrochemical behaviour of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 and Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases was characterised in Li cells. Two Li ions can be inserted without altering the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. In the 0≤y≤2 range, the OCV curves of Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 cells show two main potential plateaus at 2.90 and 2.50–2.30 V. Comparison between the OCV curves of Li//Li(1+y)Ti2(PO4)3 and Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 shows that the intercalation occurs first in the unoccupied M1 site of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 at 2.90 V and then, for compositions y>0.50, at the M2 site (2.50–2.30 V voltage range). The effect of calcium substitution in Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 on the lithium intercalation is also discussed from a structural and kinetic viewpoint. In all systems, the lithium intercalation is associated with a redistribution of the divalent cation over all M1 sites. In the case of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3, the stability of Mn2+ either in an octahedral or tetrahedral environment facilitates cationic migration. 相似文献
38.
Nicolae Tomozeiu 《Applied Surface Science》2006,253(1):376-380
Thin films of a-SiOx (0 < x < 2) were prepared by reactive r.f. magnetron sputtering from a polycrystalline-silicon target in an Ar/O2 gas mixture. The oxygen partial pressure in the deposition chamber was varied so as to obtain films with different values of x. The plasma was monitored, during depositions, by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) system. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements and infra-red (IR) spectroscopy were used to study the compositional and structural properties of the deposited layers.Structural modifications of SiOx thin films have been induced by UV photons’ bombardment (wavelength of 248 nm) using a pulsed laser. IR spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the structural changes as a function of x value and incident energy. SiOx phase separation by spinodal decomposition was revealed. The IR peak position shifted towards high wavenumber values when the laser energy is increased. Values corresponding to the SiO2 material (only Si4+) have been found for laser irradiated samples, independently on the original x value. The phase separation process has a threshold energy that is in agreement with theoretical values calculated for the dissociation energy of the investigated material.For high values of the laser energy, crystalline silicon embedded in oxygen-rich silicon oxide was revealed by Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献
39.
B. Sahoo W. Keune E. Schuster W. Sturhahn T. S. Toellner E. E. Alp 《Hyperfine Interactions》2006,168(1-3):1185-1190
Amorphous (a-) Fe x Mg1?x alloys are interesting materials for the investigation of non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations. We have prepared a-Fe x Mg1?x alloy thin films (0.3 ≤ × ≤0.7) by vapour quenching. The amorphous state was confirmed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy between 4.2–300 K, and the x- and temperature-dependence of the isomer shift and hyperfine magnetic field was measured. For x= 0.6 and 0.7, magnetic ordering occurs below ~150 K. The atomic vibrational density of states, g(E), was determined by nuclear resonant inelastic scattering, providing clear evidence for the non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations. 相似文献
40.
The TG and DTA curves and diffractograms of powdered CeO2 samples irradiated with a CO2 laser beam with powers of 0.41–1.39 kW/cm2 are presented. The laser treatment induced structural changes and probably generation of a metastable phase. X-ray diffraction coupled with thermal analysis was used to establish the structural modifications in the irradiated samples after heating. 相似文献