Noninvasive monitoring of diabetes and hypoxia by wearable flow-through biosensors

Noninvasively collected sweat via clinically relevant procedure can be used for assessing the human condition, particularly for monitoring of diabetes and hypoxia. Positive correlations in variation rates, claimed as su?cient requirements for diagnostics, between glucose and lactate concentrations in sweat and the corresponding values in blood are shown. Continuous monitoring of human condition is possible only with the use of flow-through wearable devices providing a delivery of sweat to the biosensor almost immediately after excretion. Owing to both low sweat glucose content and inactivation of platinum by sweat components, the use of Prussian blue–based biosensors for wearable devices is preferable. Operation of the latter in power generation mode allows significant noise reduction and clear readout of the signal. Evaluating blood glucose through sweat analysis upon glucose tolerance test, we clearly show that humans can actually be monitored reliably via noninvasive approach.     

Ion-selective potentiometric sensors with silicone sensing membranes: A review

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are used widely in mainframe analyzers for clinical chemistry, but there is also an increasing interest in the development of paper-based devices, wearable and implantable sensors, and other miniaturized ISEs. This trend is spurring much research in developing solid contact materials that enable miniaturization. The development of suitable polymeric matrixes for such sensors has only received less attention. In particular, in spite of lifetime limitations and toxicity concerns, polymeric matrixes comprising plasticizers are still commonly used. To that end, we note the benefits of silicone materials as alternative polymeric matrixes and, in particular, their promise for enhanced biocompatibility. While there has been steady progress in the development of ISEs with silicone membranes, this topic has not been reviewed for many years. This review critically discusses key fundamental characteristics of ISEs with silicone sensing and reference membranes, including their biocompatibility, adhesion to device substrates, water uptake, polarity, common impurities, and commercial availabilities. This is followed by a discussion of specific types of silicones and their use in ISEs, with the goal to inform and stimulate future research efforts into such devices.     

石墨烯基纤维储能器件的研究进展与展望

随着小型化、可穿戴等特征的智能电子以及物联网传感设备的发展,新型纤维状柔性化、小型化电化学储能器件已成为重要的研究方向。同时,对纤维材料和柔性储能器件的性能提出了更高的要求,如可任意弯折、可拉伸、可折叠、高储能密度等。石墨烯纤维具有独特的结构、优异的导电性、良好机械性能和电化学性质,已证明了是一种极具前景、高性能的新型纤维状柔性储能材料。目前,研究者已开发了多种石墨烯基纤维微观结构的调控策略来进一步改进其性能。本文首先系统总结了石墨烯基纤维的制备方法和其性能提升的策略,然后详细讨论其在柔性化纤维状超级电容器、金属离子电池、热电发电机、太阳能电池和相变材料等储能领域中的最新应用进展。最后,对石墨烯基纤维在能源存储和转换领域中存在的挑战和机会进行了展望。     

Microfluidic integration for electrochemical biosensor applications

Electrochemical biosensors are particularly suitable for miniaturization and integration in microfluidic devices. Applications include the detection of whole cells, cell components, proteins, and small molecules to address tasks in the fields of diagnostics and food and environmental control. Microfluidic setups range from simple channels for sample transport to channels with integrated sensing electrodes to highly sophisticated platforms with additional elements for sample preparation. The design of the microfluidics depends on both the type of detection and on the application and sample material. This review summarizes recent work on electrochemical biosensors with integrated microfluidics with the focus on developments for real sample applications, particularly those including measurements with real sample media.     

可穿戴超声系统的研究进展*

近年来伴随着移动医疗的兴起,以及新材料、集成电路、人工智能领域的不断进步,可穿戴设备在医疗领域得到了迅猛的发展。超声技术作为一种快速、简便和安全的诊疗工具,自诞生之日起就在医疗领域有着众多应用。可穿戴超声系统综合了可穿戴设备和超声技术的优点,有着巨大的发展空间。本文概述了可穿戴超声系统的发展背景和系统组成,着重介绍了近些年来可穿戴超声系统在医疗监测和治疗领域的应用成果,并对可穿戴超声系统的发展前景进行了展望。     

柔性超声换能器在生物医学中的研究进展*

传统超声换能器存在体积大、表面刚性的缺点,无法用于人体复杂皮肤表面和可穿戴器件的设计。为使换能器具有灵活、体积小,满足可穿戴的特点,将其压电元件、电极和封装等各组成部分重组为柔性换能器。相比于传统换能器,它有两个优点：首先,不需要专业人员操作,可实现持续性的超声监控或治疗。其次,通过更全面的皮肤表面覆盖,扩大声场范围。在超声诊断方面,改善声信号采集,获得更全面的检测信息;在超声治疗方面,增加声能量沉积,提高疗效。柔性换能器使超声医疗应用场景多元化,可实现连续超声诊断或超声治疗。该文首先概述了其在设计和加工方面的最新进展,然后重点介绍了其在诊断和治疗方面的应用,最后讨论了这一领域所面临的挑战并对发展前景进行展望。