贵金属纳米结构为敏感层的锥形光纤探针及其SERS活性

表面等离激元纳米结构与便携式光纤拉曼系统相结合,在液体样品和生物活体组织的快速、实时监测上有较好的应用前景。其核心技术是将具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的贵金属纳米结构耦合到光纤探针表面。本文基于共价键结合原理,将3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷通过与锥形光纤探针表面的硅羟基形成共价键修饰在光纤上;同时,硅烷偶联剂末端的巯基与金或银纳米结构形成Au-S或Ag-S共价键,将金纳米粒子和银纳米立方体牢牢吸附到光纤探针表面。这种SERS光纤探针具有很高的稳定性(SERS信号相对标准偏差低于3%),对农残甲基对硫磷的敏感度达到10纳摩尔,对污染物的远程、便携式在线检测具有重要意义。     

类真体——对企业本体论的认知

对"企业是什么"的探讨产生了诸多企业理论的研究学派,但这些理论只解释了企业的一些片段,未能认知企业本体.因此引入人工智能Agent的概念,认为企业是以计算经济盈亏为主要特征的类真体,并提出"本真体"和"实真体"的概念,与类真体构成了现代企业本体认知的基本概念体系,来证明将人工智能理论和方法引入企业理论的逻辑合理性,以期许解决企业理论的本原问题.     

Highly improved crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactide) induced by a novel nucleating agent: substituted‐aryl phosphate salts

In this work, a novel nucleating agent (NA) based on substituted‐aryl phosphate salts was introduced into poly(L‐Lactide) (PLLA). The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of nucleated PLLA samples were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscope (POM). Furthermore, the effect of annealing treatment on the cold crystallization behaviors of nucleated samples was also investigated. The results show that the crystallization of PLLA, whether for the melt crystallization (including nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization process) or for the cold crystallization (including the cold crystallization occurring during the DSC heating process and during the annealing process), is greatly dependent upon the content of NA. At relatively lower NA content (≤0.1 wt%), the nucleation effect of NA is inconspicuous, however, at higher NA content (≥0.2 wt%), it exhibits great nucleation effect for the crystallization of PLLA. Further results show that the double endothermic peak of PLLA depends on the temperature applied for the crystallization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of BINOL-Si complexes with large stokes shifts and their application as chemodosimeters for nerve agent

Three fluorescent BINOL-Si complexes (FS1, FS2 and FS3) were rationally designed and synthesized to detect diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), a mimic of lethal nerve agents. These three fluorescent probes showed green, yellow and orange fluorescence, respectively. Moreover, the series of fluorescent probes has the characteristics of fast response time (≤ 4 s), low detection limit (0.0097 μmol/L), high sensitivity and naked eye detection. More important, a fiber optic sensor capable of detecting DCP vapor in real time was also prepared for the first time, the lowest detection limits (down to 4.4 ppb) were all lower than that of the IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health) concentration of Sarin (7.0 ppb).     

Effective removal of cation dyes from aqueous solution using robust cellulose sponge

Cellulose sponge was proposed to an attractive bio-absorbent owing to its highly efficient, low-cost, biodegradable, and renewable sourcing. In this work, the wasted cotton linter as raw materials, the highly porous and lightweight cellulose sponges were synthesized via a facile chemical crosslinking and freeze-drying process. The resultant cellulose sponge (CA) exhibited an interconnected three-dimensional porous structure through crosslinked with N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), which was beneficial to remove organic dyestuffs. The effects of various factors including solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and ionic strength on the adsorption behavior were investigated in detail. Herein, Langmuir isotherm models were selected to determine the adsorption capacity, and the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity for Methylene blue (MB) and Crystal violet (CV) was 123.46 and 76.63 mg/g, respectively. Particularly, the results of kinetic and thermodynamic tests showed that the adsorption performance was a spontaneous endothermic reaction and the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic. Furthermore, cellulose sponges could maintain maximum adsorption capacity even after twelve cycles. Therefore, the eco-friendly cellulose sponge would be a promising adsorbent for effective wastewater treatment.     

Unsaturated polyamides and polyesters prepared from 1,4-bis(2-carboxyvinyl)benzene and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid

Various unsaturated polyamides and polyesters were prepared from the reactions of 1,4-bis(2-carboxyvinyl)benzene acid chloride with aromatic diamines and bisphenols, respectively. In addition, various unsaturated homo- and copolyesters were synthesized from 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. They were heat-cured to thermally stable resins. The polymers were characterized by inherent viscosity measurements, FT-IR, x-ray, DTA, TMA, TGA, and isothermal gravimetric analysis. The water absorption as well as the solubility behavior of the polymers was also investigated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Aromatic polyamides containing keto-benzocyclobutene pendants

A series of novel benzocyclobutene (BCB)-pendanted polyamides (inherent viscosities: 0.20–0.69 dL/g) was synthesized from 3,5-diaminophenyl-4-benzocyclobutenyl ketone, and terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl, 4,4′-oxydibenzoyl chlorides, as well as 4,4′-(o-phenylenedioxy)dibenzoyl chloride. The DSC studies demonstrated that the BCB crosslinking exothermic transition occurred at nearly the same temperature (max. ∼︁ 275°C) for all the four polyamides, and they were thermally stable up to 380°C in helium, where the weight loss started to occur. TGA and DSC studies in air indicated that the polymers, in contrast to the model compound, showed evidence of oxidation just prior to or occurring simultaneously with the BCB crosslinking reaction. This could be attributed to the oxidation of the reactive diene generated from the ring-opening of the BCB competing with the process of two BCB pendant units approaching each other for crosslinking reaction. Preliminary examination of the BCB-pendanted polyamide regenerated from a methanesulfonic acid solution indicates that the BCB ring is quite stable (DSC evidence) in the strong acid medium. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and relaxivity of polyamide paramagnetic metal complexes for magnetic resonance imaging

A new class of paramagnetic macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents has been developed. Eight new polyamide ligands were synthesized by copolymerization of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dianhydride and diamine monomers. Their gadolinium(III), manganese(II) and iron(III) complexes were also synthesized. All polyamide ligands and metal complexes were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectra and elemental analyses. Relaxivity studies showed that the polyamide paramagnetic metal complexes had obviously higher relaxation effectiveness as compared to corresponding simple monomeric paramagnetic metal complexes.     

The synthesis and evaluation of unsymmetrical dimeric X-ray contrast agents

Novel dimeric iodinated contrast agents with low osmolality have been prepared and evaluated with the aim of improving the already good safety profile of such agents. The aim of low osmolality was achieved, and the viscosity of these dimeric agents was also found to be beneficially lower than current dimeric agents in clinical use.     

The Review of the Catalyst System of Poly（ethylene oxide）

聚氧化乙烯（PEO）是环氧乙烷经开环聚合而成的一种多功能水溶性聚合物,性能优异,用途广泛。本文简述了聚氧化乙烯的典型特征和国内外研究进展,综述了聚氧化乙烯制备的各类催化剂体系,描述了催化剂聚合环氧乙烷的聚合机理,重点介绍了几种具有工业应用前景的催化剂体系：烷基金属催化剂体系、烷氧基金属催化剂体系和碱土金属氨化物催化痢体系。并对其技术发展和应用进行了展望。