Application of N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline palladium(II) complexes as pre‐catalysts in Heck coupling reactions

Palladium(II) complexes with N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline ligands catalyse the Heck reaction between styrene and aryl bromides, affording stilbenes in good yield. The structures of two of the complexes used as pre‐catalysts have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluoride effect on the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates

Fluorides promote the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates. The effect is more evident on the rate of the reaction at short reaction times, but a positive effect on selectivity is also observed under certain conditions. The effect is observed even under conditions under which chloride inhibits the reaction. Tetraethylammonium is a better countercation than sodium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量铝

痕量铝在硝酸介质中能催化加速过氧化氢和高碘酸钾与二甲苯胺兰FF之间的褪色反应。研究了反应的最佳实验条件,建立了测定痕量铝的新方法。方法检出限为6.1×10-10gAl3+/mL,检测范围为0-1.0μgAl3+/25mL。本方法具有高灵敏度,选择性较好,操作简便,快速的特点。用以测定水样中的痕量铝,获得满意结果。     

Weak Attractive Ligand–Polymer and Related Interactions in Catalysis and Reactivity: Impact,Applications, and Modeling

The notion of weak attractive ligand–polymer interactions is introduced, and its potential application, importance, and conceptual links with “cooperative” ligand–substrate interactions are discussed. Synthetic models of weak attractive ligand–polymer interactions are described, in which intramolecular weak C? H???F? C interactions (the existence of which remains contentious) have been detected by NMR spectroscopy and neutron and X‐ray diffraction experiments. These C? H???F? C interactions carry important implications for the design of catalysts for olefin polymerization, because they provide support for the practical feasibility of ortho‐F???H_β ligand–polymer contacts proposed for living Group 4 fluorinated phenoxyimine catalysts. The notion of weak attractive noncovalent interactions between an “active” ligand and the growing polymer chain is a novel concept in polyolefin catalysis.     

Water wave radiation by a sphere submerged in water with an ice-cover

Using the multipoles method, we formulate the problems of radiation (both heave and sway) of water waves by a submerged sphere in deep as well as in uniform finite depth water with an ice-cover, with the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. In each case this leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by standard techniques. The added-mass and damping coefficients for a heaving and swaying sphere are obtained and depicted graphically against the wave number for various values of the radius of the submerged sphere and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of the presence of ice-cover on these quantities. When the flexural rigidity is taken to be zero, the numerical results for the added-mass and damping coefficient for water with a free surface are recovered.     

Solid state NMR characterization of formation of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)/maghnite nanocomposites by in situ polymerization

Results of multinuclear MAS NMR spectroscopy are reported for poly (ε‐caprolactone)/maghnite nanocomposite formation, with ε‐caprolactone in situ polymerized in the presence of maghnite, a proton exchanged montmorillonite clay. Exfoliated and intercalated materials with different maghnite loading in the range 3–15 wt % were investigated. ¹H NMR evidences Brønsted acid hydroxyl groups in the silicate layers and shows that their broad signal at 7.6 ppm present in the parent clay disappears in the nanocomposite material. ²⁷Al MAS NMR results show that beside the hexacoordinated aluminum signal, two additional peaks corresponding to two different tetrahedral Al sites are present in the clay framework. The NMR signal intensity of only one of them was found to be affected in the nanocomposites compared with the parent maghnite, suggesting that these specific aluminum sites are the reactive ones at the initial stages of the polymerization. However almost no changes occurred in the ²⁹Si NMR spectra, confirming that the polymer grafting, as indicated earlier by atomic force microscopy, took place on the aluminum tetracoordinated sites rather than on the silicon sites. A mechanism of maghnite surface catalyzed polymerization of ε‐caprolactone was proposed, involving Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3060–3068, 2007     

Vinyl‐type polymerization of norbornene by nickel(II) bisbenzimidazole catalysts

Novel nickel(II) bisbenzimidazole complexes were prepared via a three‐step synthetic procedure consisting of aniline/diacid condensation, ligand N‐alkylation, and metal complexation. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and found to possess a pseudotetrahedral geometry. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, these nickel bisbenzimidazoles did not polymerize simple olefins (e.g., ethylene, propylene, and 1‐butene) but were found to carry out the rapid and efficient polymerization of norbornene. The polynorbornene products were characterized by gel permeation chromatography/light scattering, ¹³C NMR, and IR, and their Mark–Houwink and dn/dc parameters were determined. The molecular weights of the polynorbornenes were very high (weight‐average molecular weight = 587,000–797,000 g/mol). ¹³C NMR suggested that the polymerization occurred via vinyl addition (i.e., a 2,3‐linked polymer); no ring‐opened product was observed. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the polynorbornenes were stable up to 400 °C under nitrogen. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2095–2106, 2003     

PARTIAL VERSUS GENERAL STORAGE POLICY: COMMODITIES AND RESOURCES

This paper examines joint storage considerations when both commodities and resources can be stored, e.g., grain and water for irrigation. Results suggest that when separate agencies control public resource and commodity storage, suboptimal storage rules occur unless (i) each agency is sensitive to the policies of the other, (ii) commodity inventories are adjusted in response to prices, and (iii) resource inventories are adjusted in response to both commodity demand and resource supply conditions. For example, the common case where water storage depends on weather and reservoir conditions alone is not sufficiently general. The results imply that water management agencies that tend to be dominated by engineers and hydrological considerations need to incorporate economic considerations into decision processes.