Thin-film electrochemical sensor for diphenylamine detection using molecularly imprinted polymers

This work reports on the development of a new voltammetric sensor for diphenylamine based on the use of a miniaturized gold electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer recognition element. Molecularly imprinted particles were synthesized ex situ and further entrapped into a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymer membrane, which was electropolymerized on the surface of the gold electrode. The thickness of the polymer layer was optimized in order to get an adequate diffusion of the target analyte and in turn to achieve an adequate charge transfer at the electrode surface. The resulting modified electrodes showed a selective response to diphenylamine and a high sensitivity compared with the bare gold electrode and the electrode modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and non-imprinted polymer particles. The sensor showed a linear range from 4.95 to 115 μM diphenylamine, a limit of detection of 3.9 μM and a good selectivity in the presence of other structurally related molecules. This sensor was successfully applied to the quantification of diphenylamine in spiked apple juice samples.     

单扫示波极谱法测定氧氟沙星

在 0 .1 5mol/L HAc- Na Ac( p H 3.64)中 ,采用单扫示波极谱法测定氧氟沙星 ,得到一良好的还原峰 ,峰电位 Ep=- 1 .45V( vs.SCE)。峰电流 IP与氧氟沙星的浓度在 3.0× 1 0 - 7～ 6.2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系 ,相关系数 r=0 .9983,检出限为 7.0× 1 0 - 8mol/L。此法已用于片剂的测定。用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究了体系性质 ,结果表明 ,氧氟沙星的电极过程为具有吸附性的不可逆过程。     

毛细管电泳单脉冲伏安测定重金属铜铅锌镉

以毛细管为分离通道 ,在KNO3 缓冲溶液中 ,用表面镀汞膜的金微电极作为工作电极 ,采用单脉冲伏安法同时测定铜、锌、铅、镉含量 ,考察并优化了影响分离和检测的相关因素 :缓冲溶液pH、分离高压、脉冲上限和下限、脉冲宽度等。该法的最佳实验条件 :5mmol/LKNO3(pH6.0) ,分离高压20kV ,脉冲上限 -0.2V ,脉冲下限 -1.15V(vs.SCE) ,脉冲宽度500ms。结果表明 ,各峰面积与其离子浓度成线性关系 ,线性范围(μg/mL)分别为 :铜5.0×10-2～10.0;锌1.0×10-2～10.0 ;铅5.0×10-2～5.0 ;镉2.0×10-2～10.0。加标回收率在95%～110%之间。用该法较好地测定了水样中的重金属铜锌铅镉     

New Exact Solutions of Broer-Kaup Equations

By a known transformation, (2 1)-dimensional Brioer-Kaup equations are turned to a single equation.The classical Lie symmetry analysis and similarity reductions axe performed for this single equation. From some of reduction equations, new exact solutions are obtained, which contain previous results, and more exact solutions can be created directly by abundant known solutions of the Burgers equations and the heat equations.     

Symmetries and Similarity Reductions of a New （2＋1）-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave System

The symmetries of a （2＋1）-dimensional shallow water wave system, which is newly constructed through applying variation principle of analytic mechanics, are researched in this paper. The Lie symmetries and the corresponding reductions are obtained by means of classical Lie group approach. The （1＋1） dimensional displacement shallow water wave equation can be derived from the reductions when special symmetry parameters are chosen.     

Solutions and continuum limits to nonlocal discrete sine-Gordon equations: Bilinearization reduction method

In this paper, we investigate local and nonlocal reductions of a discrete negative order Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation. By the bilinearization reduction method, we construct exact solutions in double Casoratian form to the reduced nonlocal discrete sine-Gordon equations. Then, nonlocal semidiscrete sine-Gordon equations and their solutions are obtained through the continuum limits. The dynamics of soliton solutions are analyzed and illustrated by asymptotic analysis. The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other nonlocal discrete integrable systems.     

Electrosynthesis and Microanalysis in Thin Layer: An Electrochemical Pipette for Rapid Electrolysis and Mechanistic Study of Electrochemical Reactions

Electrochemistry represents unique approaches for the promotion and mechanistic study of chemical reactions and has garnered increasing attention in different areas of chemistry. This expansion necessitates the enhancement of the traditional electrochemical cells that are intrinsically constrained by mass transport limitations. Herein, we present an approach for designing an electrochemical cell by limiting the reaction chamber to a thin layer of solution, comparable to the thickness of the diffusion layer. This thin layer electrode (TLE) provides a modular platform to bypass the constraints of traditional electrolysis cells and perform electrolysis reactions in the timescale of electroanalytical techniques. The utility of the TLE for electrosynthetic applications benchmarked using NHPI-mediated electrochemical C−H functionalization. The application of microscale electrolysis for the study of drug metabolites was showcased by elucidating the oxidation pathways of the paracetamol drug. Moreover, hosting a microelectrode in the TLE, was shown to enable real-time probing of the profiles of redox-active components of these rapid electrosynthesis reactions.