Measuring daily Value-at-Risk of SSEC index: A new approach based on multifractal analysis and extreme value theory

Recent studies in the econophysics literature reveal that price variability has fractal and multifractal characteristics not only in developed financial markets, but also in emerging markets. Taking high-frequency intraday quotes of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Component (SSEC) Index as example, this paper proposes a new method to measure daily Value-at-Risk (VaR) by combining the newly introduced multifractal volatility (MFV) model and the extreme value theory (EVT) method. Two VaR backtesting techniques are then employed to compare the performance of the model with that of a group of linear and nonlinear generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The empirical results show the multifractal nature of price volatility in Chinese stock market. VaR measures based on the multifractal volatility model and EVT method outperform many GARCH-type models at high-risk levels.     

Stock price dynamics and option valuations under volatility feedback effect

According to the volatility feedback effect, an unexpected increase in squared volatility leads to an immediate decline in the price–dividend ratio. In this paper, we consider the properties of stock price dynamics and option valuations under the volatility feedback effect by modeling the joint dynamics of stock price, dividends, and volatility in continuous time. Most importantly, our model predicts the negative effect of an increase in squared return volatility on the value of deep-in-the-money call options and, furthermore, attempts to explain the volatility puzzle. We theoretically demonstrate a mechanism by which the market price of diffusion return risk, or an equity risk-premium, affects option prices and empirically illustrate how to identify that mechanism using forward-looking information on option contracts. Our theoretical and empirical results support the relevance of the volatility feedback effect. Overall, the results indicate that the prevailing practice of ignoring the time-varying dividend yield in option pricing can lead to oversimplification of the stock market dynamics.     

GC-MS分析氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液的挥发性成分

GC- MS联用技术对耐强辐射微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌 [Thiobacillus ferroxidans(T.f) ]的挥发性代谢产物进行了研究 ,发现 4 3种代谢物 ,由标准谱图鉴定了其中 2 3种化合物。     

Intraday volatility and network topological properties in the Korean stock market

We examine whether the relationship between market volatility and network properties in the low-frequency level can be applied to the high-frequency level. For the analysis, we use the minimum spanning tree (MST) method constructed from intraday Korean stock market data. The results show that the higher the market volatility is, the denser the MST of stocks becomes. The normalized tree length shows a strong negative relationship with market volatility, indicating that the distances between nodes are shorter when the market volatility is high. The mean occupation layer shows the tendency of having a smaller value in a higher volatility market. The maximum number of links becomes larger when the market volatility increases. All these network properties support the network being dense and shrinking in high market volatility conditions; that is, the degree of co-movement in financial market is reinforced in the intraday high-frequency level.     

Non-linear characteristics and long-range correlations in Asian stock markets

We test several non-linear characteristics of Asian stock markets, which indicates the failure of efficient market hypothesis and shows the essence of fractal of the financial markets. In addition, by using the method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to investigate the long range correlation of the volatility in the stock markets, we find that the crossover phenomena exist in the results of DFA. Further, in the region of small volatility, the scaling behavior is more complicated; in the region of large volatility, the scaling exponent is close to 0.5, which suggests the market is more efficient. All these results may indicate the possibility of characteristic multifractal scaling behaviors of the financial markets.     

Universal scaling behaviors of meteorological variables’ volatility and relations with original records

Volatility series (defined as the magnitude of the increments between successive elements) of five different meteorological variables over China are analyzed by means of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA for short). Universal scaling behaviors are found in all volatility records, whose scaling exponents take similar distributions with similar mean values and standard deviations. To reconfirm the relation between long-range correlations in volatility and nonlinearity in original series, DFA is also applied to the magnitude records (defined as the absolute values of the original records). The results clearly indicate that the nonlinearity of the original series is more pronounced in the magnitude series.     

Volatility estimation for stochastic project value models

One of the key parameters in modeling capital budgeting decisions for investments with embedded options is the project volatility. Most often, however, there is no market or historical data available to provide an accurate estimate for this parameter. A common approach to estimating the project volatility in such instances is to use a Monte Carlo simulation where one or more sources of uncertainty are consolidated into a single stochastic process for the project cash flows, from which the volatility parameter can be determined. Nonetheless, the simulation estimation method originally suggested for this purpose systematically overstates the project volatility, which can result in incorrect option values and non-optimal investment decisions. Examples that illustrate this issue numerically have appeared in several recent papers, along with revised estimation methods that address this problem. In this article, we extend that work by showing analytically the source of the overestimation bias and the adjustment necessary to remove it. We then generalize this development for the cases of levered cash flows and non-constant volatility. In each case, we use an example problem to show how a revised estimation methodology can be applied.     

上海股市波动的预测方式和模型

探讨基于 SV类模型的上海股市波动的预测方式和模型问题 .比较了 SV( stochastic volatility)类模型 (包括基本 SV模型和 ASV模型 )在两种不同方式下的预测效果 ,并将基本 SV类模型的预测效果与 ASV模型 ,以及其他常用模型做了比较 .结果表明 :SV类模型在两种预测方式下的预测效果存在一定的差异 ;基本 SV模型对于上海股市具有较强的预测能力 ;ASV模型的预测效果不理想 .     

中国股市与汇市的波动溢出效应模型研究与实证分析

选取2009年1月5日-2012年5月22的人民币兑美元汇率和上证综指的日交易数据为对象,采用BEKK—GARCH模型,并结合LR似然比检验,对中国汇市与股市的波动溢出效应进行建模研究与实证分析．实证结果表明,整体样本存在汇率到上证指数的波动溢出,这种溢出是单向的;第二次汇改前,既不存在汇率到上证指数的波动溢出,也不存在上证指数到汇率的波动溢出;第二次汇改后,既存在汇率到上证指数的波动溢出,也存在上证指数到汇率的微弱的波动溢出．     

Forecasting the volatility of crude oil futures using intraday data

We use the information in intraday data to forecast the volatility of crude oil at a horizon of 1–66 days using a variety of models relying on the decomposition of realized variance in its positive or negative (semivariances) part and its continuous or discontinuous part (jumps). We show the importance of these decompositions in predictive (in-sample) regressions using a number of specifications. Nevertheless, an important empirical finding comes from an out-of-sample analysis which unambiguously shows the limited interest of considering these components. Overall, our results indicates that a simple autoregressive specification mimicking long memory and using past realized variances as predictors does not perform significantly worse than more sophisticated models which include the various components of realized variance.