光声光谱技术在多组分气体浓度探测中的应用

CO和CH_4气体作为判断变压器运行状态的故障气体,对其浓度的探测在变压器维护中具有重要意义.为了准确探测变压器运行过程中产生的CH_4和CO气体浓度,本文利用光声光谱技术,设计了一套基于宽带光源的多组分气体探测系统,和共振型光声系统相比,该系统中所用的非共振型光声池体积小,易加工,池内各处信号强度相同,降低了对声学信号探测器的安装要求.系统的性能通过对CO和CH_4气体的探测进行评估.首先,从理论上分析了信号强度与调制频率呈反比,然后根据宽带光声系统在不同调制频率下的响应,确定系统的最佳调制频率为22 Hz.在最佳调制频率下,根据温度与待测气体光声信号的关系,对光声信号进行温度补偿,消除温度变化对光声信号的影响,进一步提高了系统的稳定性.最后,通过不同浓度的CH_4和CO气体对系统进行标定.实验表明,温度补偿前后,光声信号随温度的漂移分别为0.023 23V/℃和8.383 48×10~(-5) V/℃,通过对不同浓度CH_4和CO气体的探测,系统的线性度分别达到0.995和0.998 4.在一个大气压下,积分时间为1s时,宽带光声探测系统对CO和CH_4气体的探测极限浓度能够达到1μL/L.该系统成本低,线性度好,探测灵敏度符合国标对变压器维护过程中CO和CH_4气体的探测要求.     

时域多模飞秒压缩光场测量中的本地光脉冲整形研究

基于飞秒脉冲的同步泵浦参量过程产生的多模时域飞秒压缩光场,由于其独特的优势,特别是可以享有单模光纤网络兼容,是实现可扩展量子计算及大容量量子通讯的良好光源。由于无法实现多模时域飞秒压缩光场的空间分离,目前对于多模时域飞秒压缩光场的测量,采用最为有效的平衡零拍探测。因此如何构造与时域飞秒压缩光场时域函数分布相同的本地光,是其中的关键内容,并直接影响测量效果。本文主要理论研究了本地脉冲光的时域整形方案,分析了系统参数对整形后的多模本地光的保真度以及系统调制效率的影响,并结合实验参数提出可能的解决办法。     

Photo-reception properties of common LEDs

The article proves that common LEDs may act as photodetectors with limited sensitivity, if they are polarized with an appropriate reverse voltage. The measured responsivities are ranged between 0.002 and 0.156 A/W and they depend on the LED type. The only one exception are white (phosphorescent) LEDs which do not exhibit any photosensitivity. There have also shown that a bandwidth of LEDs, which were examined in a role of photodetectors, is of a few tens of MHz, which is an order of magnitude greater than their modulation bandwidth as transmitters. The reasons of the observed LEDs behaviour are explained theoretically. The obtained results are indicated that some of them may be used as both transmitters and receivers in the VLC links working in a bi-directional half-duplex mode.     

Off-axis phase-only holograms of 3D objects using accelerated point-based Fresnel diffraction algorithm

A method for calculating off-axis phase-only holograms of three-dimensional (3D) object using accelerated point-based Fresnel diffraction algorithm (PB-FDA) is proposed. The complex amplitude of the object points on the z-axis in hologram plane is calculated using Fresnel diffraction formula, called principal complex amplitudes (PCAs). The complex amplitudes of those off-axis object points of the same depth can be obtained by 2D shifting of PCAs. In order to improve the calculating speed of the PB-FDA, the convolution operation based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to calculate the holograms rather than using the point-by-point spatial 2D shifting of the PCAs. The shortest recording distance of the PB-FDA is analyzed in order to remove the influence of multiple-order images in reconstructed images. The optimal recording distance of the PB-FDA is also analyzed to improve the quality of reconstructed images. Numerical reconstructions and optical reconstructions with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) show that holographic 3D display is feasible with the proposed algorithm. The proposed PB-FDA can also avoid the influence of the zero-order image introduced by SLM in optical reconstructed images.     

A high dynamic range structured light means for the 3D measurement of specular surface

This paper presents a novel structured light approach for the 3D reconstruction of specular surface. The binary shifting strip is adopted as structured light pattern instead of conventional sinusoidal pattern. Based on the framework of conventional High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging technique, an efficient means is first introduced to estimate the camera response function. And then, dynamic range of the generated radiance map is compressed in the gradient domain by introducing an attenuation function. Subject to the change of lighting conditions caused by projecting different structured light patterns, the structure light image with middle exposure level is selected as the reference image and used for the slight adjustment of the primary fused image. Finally, the regenerated structured light images with well exposing condition are used for 3D reconstruction of the specular surface. To evaluate performance of the method, some stainless stamping parts with strong reflectivity are used for the experiments. And the results showed that, different specular targets with various shapes can be precisely reconstructed by the proposed method.     

氮化镓基感光栅极高电子迁移率晶体管器件设计与制备

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)作为栅控器件,具有AlGaN/GaN异质结处高浓度的二维电子气(2DEG)及对表面态敏感等特性,在栅位置处与感光功能薄膜的结合是光探测器领域重要的研究方向之一.本文首先提出在GaN基HEMT栅电极上引入光敏材料锆钛酸铅(PZT),将具有光伏效应的铁电薄膜PZT与HEMT栅极结合,提出一种新的"金属/铁电薄膜/金属/半导体(M/F/M/S)"结构;然后在以蓝宝石为衬底的AlGaN/GaN外延片上制备感光栅极HEMT器件.最后,通过PZT的光伏效应来调控沟道中的载流子浓度和通过源漏电流的变化来实现对可见光和紫外光的探测.在365 nm紫外光和普通可见光条件下,对比测试有/无感光栅极的HEMT器件,在较小V_(gs)电压时,可见光下测得前者较后者的饱和漏源电流I_(ds)的增幅不下降,紫外光下前者较后者的I_(ds)增幅大5.2 mA,由此可知,感光栅PZT在可见光及紫外光下可作用于栅极GaN基HEMT器件并可调控沟道电流.     

PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GAUSSIAN BEAMS WITH ASTIGAMATISM

Transformation of Gaussian beams propagating through an axially asym-metric optical system is studied in detail by means of the complex curvature tensor andthe tensor ABCD law.Some important propagation characteristics of Gaussian beamswith simple or general astigmatism are demonstrated by typical numerical examples.     

二级轻气炮超高速弹丸发射技术的研究

 本文研究了提高二级轻气炮弹丸速度的发射技术途径。通过数值计算对各种装填参量的影响进行了详细讨论。认为减小弹丸质量、活塞质量以及注气压力，可使二级轻气炮在较少的装药量条件下提供较高的弹丸速度。目前已经做到在5 kg装药时，使30 g的弹丸达到7.2 km/s速度；60 g弹丸达到5.7 km/s速度；26 g弹丸达到7.4 km/s速度。装填3.5 kg药量时，使10.3 g弹丸达到了8.1 km/s速度。     

可见-近红外光谱分析技术对鱼油掺假定量快速无损检测方法研究

对掺入不同含量大豆油和菜籽油的鱼油进行鱼油掺假含量的可见-近红外光谱(Vis-NIR)研究。向3个不同品牌鱼油中分别掺入不同比例的大豆油,另外3个不同品牌中分别掺入不同比例的菜籽油,共获得300个样本。对所采集样本的光谱数据分别采用原始光谱,以及平滑,变量标准化(SNV),多元散射校正(MSC),一阶求导和二阶求导等预处理算法进行处理后,建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型。基于全波段光谱的鱼油中大豆油和菜籽油掺假含量预测的最优模型分别为全波段PLSR模型和MSC-PLSR模型,其预测相关系数(R_p)分别达到0.938 6和0.959 3。进一步采用连续投影算法(SPA)分析鱼油中大豆油和菜籽油掺假样品的光谱,并分别获得了11个和15个光谱特征波长变量。基于特征变量的PLSR模型的R_p分别为0.941 2和0.932 6。试验研究表明, 可以采用Vis-NIR技术实现对鱼油掺假物含量的检测。     

雾玻璃上的彩色环

向一个冷玻璃上哈气,在玻璃表面会形成水雾.透过起雾的玻璃去观察白光光源,会看到有多层彩色环(内层蓝色,外层红色),并且在中央会出现白色亮斑.利用散射光干涉的模型解释了彩色圆环的成因.