Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Addition of Activated Vinyl Cyclopropanes with N-Tosylhydrazones

Ring-opening addition reaction of activated vinyl cyclopropanes with N-tosylhydrazones in the presence of palladium(0) and triphenylphosphine affords N-tosylhydrazone butenylmalonate compounds. Aromatic aldehyde-derived N-tosylhydrazones produced terminal and internal N-allylated products, in which the terminal products are the main. While ketone-derived tosylhydrazones produced only terminal addition products. The transformation relationship of the terminal and internal N-allylated products in the reaction was also observed. A reasonable mechanism is proposed based on preliminary experimental results.     

原位掺杂法制备氮掺杂中孔炭及乙炔氢氯化反应性能

聚氯乙烯(PVC)是世界五大工程塑料之一,在工业、农业、建筑、电力及通信等领域有着非常广泛的应用.氯乙烯(VCM)作为合成 PVC的单体,其生产工艺以源于煤化工路线的乙炔氢氯化法工艺为主,但是该工艺目前采用的是氯化汞催化剂,存在较为严重的环境污染问题.开发新型无汞催化剂成为电石法生产 VCM亟待解决的问题.氮掺杂炭基非金属催化剂成本低廉,制备简单,在诸多反应中展现了较好的性能,成为近几年多相催化领域的一个研究热点,在乙炔氢氯化反应中也具有较好的活性,但是对活性中心的鉴别及制备方法的研究还有待深入.本文报道了一种一步原位尿素掺杂氮的中孔炭的制备方法,采用氮气吸附-脱附、高分辨透射电子显微镜、元素分析和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段研究了氮掺杂中孔炭的结构、氮含量及存在形式,并与两步尿素改性方法做了对比,探究了氮掺杂形式与中孔炭乙炔氢氯化反应性能之间的关系,同时考察了尿素用量对氮掺杂中孔炭的氮含量和存在形式的影响.元素分析结果表明,原位合成法能有效地将氮掺杂进骨架中,随着制备过程中尿素用量增加,得到的氮掺杂中孔炭中的氮含量增加,可达3.6 wt%.后处理法的掺氮效果较差,材料氮含量仅为0.2 wt%. XPS测试进一步表明,一步法原位法可以得到石墨型氮占据主导地位的氮掺杂中孔炭,石墨型氮约占70%左右,后处理制备的氮掺杂中孔炭中石墨氮、吡啶氮和吡咯氮三种形式含量相差不大.对不同方法合成的氮掺杂介孔炭的乙炔氢氯化反应催化性能进行了评价,结果显示,无论是原位合成还是后处理制备的氮掺杂中孔炭,其活性均比中孔炭得到一定提升.氮的引入能有效提高材料的乙炔氢氯化反应性能.原位合成法制备的氮掺杂中孔炭在乙炔氢氯化反应中的催化性能远高于后处理法.对于原位合成的氮掺杂中孔炭,在一定范围内,随着氮含量的增加,催化活性提高,但当尿素用量过高时,虽然氮含量增加,催化活性却有所下降,这归因于孔结构坍塌和比表面积下降.     

The effect of the migrating group structure on enantioselectivity in lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol

We have studied the effects of the acyl moiety on the enantioselectivity of three lipases: Candida antarctica B, Pseudomonas cepacia and Candida cylindracea, frequently used in kinetic resolutions by acylation or hydrolysis. The size of the acyl group was examined using various enol esters during the transesterification of 1-phenylethanol and the hydrolysis of the corresponding phenylethylesters. C. antarctica-B lipase showed the highest selectivity in the transesterification of 1-phenylethanol with isopropenyl and vinyl acetate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl laurate, (E > 200). The esters 1-phenyl -ethyl-acetate, decanoate and laurate are also hydrolyzed with high selectivities (E > 150) with CAL-B. The results can be correlated to the three-dimensional form of each lipase. The effect of the migrating group on the reactivity and selectivity of the lipases are discussed for both reactions.     

Catalyst-free hydrochlorination protocol for terminal arylalkynes with hydrogen chloride

We present a simple and straightforward protocol for hydrochlorination of terminal arylalkynes to vinyl chlorides using hydrogen chloride under mild reaction conditions.This protocol does not involve any metal catalysts or additives.It is simple,inexpensive,and easy to prepare,and exhibits good reaction activity.The hydrochlorination proceeds smoothly to yield unique regioselective products via the Markovnikov addition rule.     

高选择性透过二氧化硫气体分离膜的研究(Ⅲ)──乙烯基亚砜与聚乙烯醇的Michael加成反应及其结构表征

本文合成了4种烷基乙烯基亚砜。研究了其与聚乙烯醇在碱催化下的Michael加成反应,制备了不同亚砜含量的聚合物。研究了其溶解性能,用IR及¹HNMR法对聚合物进行了表征。     

Changes in poly-vinylidene fluoride produced by electron irradiation

A study was made of the effects of electron irradiation of poly-vinylidene fluoride, using the DSC, FTIR, and X-ray techniques, as well as determining the percent cross-linking. Changes in crystallinity and melting point of the sample as a function of dose were found, the latter due to competition between cross-linking and crystallinity. The cross-linking was observed to increase with radiation dose. Chemical changes observed include the formation of carbonyl groups and double bonding, associated with the loss of HF.     

InX3-catalyzed haloamidation of vinyl arenes: a facile synthesis of α-bromo- and α-fluoroamides

A variety of alkenes are converted into the corresponding α-fluoroamides in high yields by selectfluor^TM in the presence of 10 mol % of InF₃ in nitrile solution. α-Bromoamides are obtained with NBS in the presence of 10 mol % InBr₃ under similar conditions. The use of Lewis acid in haloamidation significantly improved the yields and reaction rates.     

A stereoselective synthetic entry to β-substituted α-[(trans)-vinyl] phosphonamides

α-(trans-Vinyl) phosphonamides with different substituents at the β-position were stereoselectively synthesized in high yields by treatment of β-substituted α-epoxy-α-trimethylsilyl phosphines with oxidizing agents. The corresponding phosphonamides were unstable in most cases and underwent reductive elimination affording desilylated vinyl derivatives. In turn, α-epoxy phosphines resulted from the [1+2] addition of [bis(diisopropylamino)phosphino](trimethylsilyl)carbene 2 to aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes. In this way, a great variety of vinyl compounds have been efficiently prepared through one-pot procedure.     

Catechol violet as new, efficient, and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions

Combination of CuI and Catechol violet (CuI-CV) was employed as catalyst for the first time in the C-S coupling reaction of a wide variety of aromatic halides, such as aryl iodides, bromo pyridines, activated aryl chlorides, and vinyl iodide with thiols to afford the corresponding thioethers in good to excellent yields. Broad range of functional group tolerance present in both the coupling partners has been observed in this reaction protocol.     

Radical-mediated thiodesulfonylation of the vinyl sulfones: access to (α-fluoro)vinyl sulfides

Radical-mediated thiodesulfonylation of the vinyl and (α-fluoro)vinyl sulfones, derived from aldehydes and ketones, with aryl thiols in organic or aqueous medium provided access to vinyl and (α-fluoro)vinyl sulfides. The vinyl sulfides were formed predominantly with E stereochemistry independent of the stereochemistry of the starting vinyl sulfones.