Synthesis of Novel 1-Alkyl-2-chloro（alkoxy）-1H-indole 3-Carbaldehyde Oximes and Oxime-ethers（esters） Derivatives

A convenient synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-chloro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes(5a―5d) and 1-alkyl-2-phenoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes(6a―6d) from 2-indolone was completed via the Vilsmeier-Haack reac-tion,with N-alkylation and oximation as the key steps.An improved one-pot method for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-alkoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes(7a―7h) from 1-alkyl-2-chloro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehydes(3a―3d) was described.The Williamson reactions and esterification reactions were performed and the oxime-...     

Lessons Learned while Traversing the Welwitindolinone Alkaloids Obstacle Course

We recount several unexpected results observed in the course of our work toward the synthesis of welwitindolinone alkaloids. The surprising results provide an opportunity to refine one’s understanding of the interplay between chemical structure and reactivity.     

First synthesis and in vitro biological assessment of isosideroxylin, 6, 8-dimethylgenistein and their analogues as nitric oxide production inhibition agents

A modular and efficient synthesis of the biologically significant C-methylisoflavones isosideroxylin(1),6,8-dimethylgenistein(2) and their analogues(3-8) is established for the first time.The synthesis is realized in 7-8 steps in overall yields of 16%-24%from commercially inexpensive phloroglucinol and features a high yielding Vilsmeier-Haack reaction,Friedel-Crafts acylation,Gammill's protocol and Suzuki coupling as the pivotal transformations.Next,these compounds evaluated for their inhibitory potency on the production of nitric oxide(NO) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated RAW-264.7 cells as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity.The results showed that all the compounds decreased NO production in a dose-dependent manner without marked cytotoxicity and IC_(50) values are found in the range of 10.17-33.88 μmol/L.Of note,compounds 3 followed by 1,7 and 8 show comparable inhibitory activity with positive control(N-monomethyl-L-arginine,L-NMMA).     

Domino Vilsmeier-Haack/ring closure sequences: a facile synthesis of 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehydes

Vilsmeier’s reagent treatment of substituted diphenacyl sulfides or diphenacyl disulfides has led to the formation of a series of benzfused 3-chlorothiophene-2-carbaldehydes by a Domino Vilsmeier-Haack reaction/ring closure sequence, opening a new route for the synthesis of 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbaldehydes and their benzfused analogues. A plausible mechanism has been proposed.     

Transformations of 2,2-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-on-1-oxide derivatives in the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions

Enhydroxylaminones—2,2-dimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-on-1-oxides were shown to give various chlorinated products in the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. The general sequence of the reaction steps is determined and the extent of the reaction was shown to be strongly dependent on the substrate structure.     

Vinamidinium salts of N-substituted aminoacetic acids

Formylation of N-phthaloylglycine with the POCl3-DMF system afforded N,N,N′, N′-tetramethyl-2-(N-phthaloyl)vinamidinium perchlorate (2). X-ray diffraction study showed that molecule 2 is planar and contains two equivalent nitrogen atoms in the three-carbon vinamidinium fragment. Salt 2 undergoes transamination with primary aromatic amines to give the corresponding bis-azomethines. The reactions with hydrazines produce substituted 4-aminopyrazoles. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 832–835, May, 2006.     

Synthesis of 2- and 4-chloropyrimidines with hydroxyphenyl substituents by the interaction of Vilsmeier-Haack reagents with (hydroxyphenyl)dihydropyrimidin-2- and -4-ones

The reaction of 2- and 4-hydroxypyrimidines containingortho- andpara-hydroxyphenyl substituents with Vilsmeier-Haack reagents generatedin situ from DMF and SOCl₂ or POCl₃ results in the chemoselective replacement of the heterocyclic hydroxyl group by chlorine and formylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group. Aryl formates are hydrolyzed under the conditions of their isolation to give the corresponding phenols, especially if the pyrimidyl fragment isortho to the formyloxy group.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1105–1108, June, 1993.     

A facile method for the synthesis of nicotinonitriles from ketones via a one-pot chloromethyleneiminium salt mediated three-component reaction

Simple enolizable ketones such as acetophenones and benzalacetones were treated with malononitrile under Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions to afford 2-chloronicotinonitriles. The reaction proceeds via a one-pot chloromethyleneiminium salt mediated three-component reaction followed by sequential cyclization and aromatization under Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions.     

Regioselective formylation of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine systems using Vilsmeier-Haack conditions

Regioselective formylation behavior has been found in the reaction of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines via Vilsmeier-Haack conditions. While the 4,5- and 6,7-dihydro derivatives afforded pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbaldehydes and 4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,6-dicarbaldehydes, respectively, the aromatic analogs rendered the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbaldehyde only, and no reaction took place at the pyrazolopyridine derivatives.