Reactions of N, N-dichloroalkylamines with solid base as studied by FTIR combined with DFT calculations

Products of vacuum gas–solid reactions of N, N-dichloroalkylamines with KOH have been identified by FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. It has been found that the reactions consist of elimination of two Cl atoms accompanied with migration of an H atom, a ring carbon or a methyl group from the -carbon to the N atom and unstable imines with a C=N double bond are formed.     

碳纳米管向金刚石纳米晶粒的转变

在碳60（C60）[1]和碳纳米管(CNTs)[2]发现之前,人们知道碳通常显示石墨和金刚石两种晶体结构.自从C60和碳纳米管发现后,由于其独特的纳米结构而具有广泛的应用前景,国内外许多学者致力于研究它们的物理和化学特性,而C60、巴基葱（多层碳纳米球）、碳纳米管和金刚石之间的转变是所研究的焦点之一.目前,由碳的其他形式向金刚石转变的主要方法有：Meilunas等人[3]以C60和C70薄膜为基底气相生长多晶金刚石,C60和C70的稳定性和微平面结构在外界条件下,有利于金刚石成核和外延生长;Banhart[4]小组研究了在电子束辐射作用下巴基葱转变…     

Global existence of solutions for compressible Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum

In this paper, we will investigate the global existence of solutions for the one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations when the density is in contact with vacuum continuously. More precisely, the viscosity coefficient is assumed to be a power function of density, i.e., μ(ρ)=Aρθ, where A and θ are positive constants. New global existence result is established for 0<θ<1 when the initial density appears vacuum in the interior of the gas, which is the novelty of the presentation.     

Friedmann cosmology with decaying vacuum density

Among the several proposals to solve the incompatibility between the observed small value of the cosmological constant and the huge value obtained by quantum field theories, we can find the idea of a decaying vacuum energy density, leading from high values at early times of universe evolution to the small value observed nowadays. In this paper we consider a variation law for the vacuum density recently proposed by Schützhold on the basis of quantum field estimations in the curved, expanding background, characterized by a vacuum density proportional to the Hubble parameter. We show that, in the context of an isotropic and homogeneous, spatially flat model, the corresponding solutions retain the well established features of the standard cosmology, and, in addition, are in accordance with the observed cosmological parameters. Our scenario presents an initial phase dominated by radiation, followed by a dust era long enough to permit structure formation, and by an epoch dominated by the cosmological term, which tends asymptotically to a de Sitter universe. Taking the matter density equals to half of the vacuum energy density, as suggested by observation, we obtain a universe age given by Ht = 1.1, and a decelerating parameter equals to −1/2.     

On purely gravito-magnetic vacuum space-times

It is shown that there are no purely magnetic, vacuum, spacetime metrics where any one of the following conditions holds: (a) the ratio of any two eigenvalues of the Weyl tensor is constant, (b) both of the Riemann principal null directions, defining the time-like blade, are nonrotating, (c) the shear tensor possesses an eigenvector v ^a which is defined by one of the space-like Riemann principal directions, (d) the vorticity is parallel to v ^a , where v ^a is defined by one of the space-like Riemann principal directions.This revised version was published online in April 2005. The publishing date was inserted.     

软X射线-真空紫外波段光谱光源研究

介绍长春光学精密机械与物理研究所进行的软X射线-真空紫外波段光谱光源研究工作。研制成功的壁稳氩弧光源光谱辐射稳定性和重复性达±0.3%,可作标准辐射源,用于真空紫外波段仪器光谱强度绝对辐射定标。研制成功的潘宁(Penning)光源、双等离子体光源和空心阴极光源,可以覆盖从十几个nm至几十nm波段范围,光谱辐射稳定性和重复性达±1.0%,提供不同工作气体在该波段的原子和离子线谱,用于光谱仪器的波长定标。所研制的激光等离子体光源,尤其是近期研制成功的无污染微液滴喷射靶激光等离子体光源,可以提供较高亮度的软X射线辐射,13.0 nm处激光-软X射线转换效率达0.75%／2π·sr／2%带宽,适合于光刻和该波段辐射计量研究。     

Redshift modification of pulsars and magnetars by relativistic plasmas and vacuum polarization

The redshifts of emissions from pulsars and magnetars consist of two components: gravitational and non-gravitational redshifts. The latter results from the electromagnetic and kinetic effects of relativistic plasmas, characterized by refractive indices and streaming velocities of the media, respectively. The vacuum polarization effect induced by strong magnetic fields can modify the refractive indices of the media, and thus leads to a modification to the redshifts. The Gordon effective metric is introduced to study the redshifts of emissions. The modification of the gravitational redshift, caused by the effects of relativistic plasmas and vacuum polarization, is obtained.     

Understanding the friction behavior of sulfur-terminated diamond-like carbon films under high vacuum by first-principles calculations

Generally, the repulsive force was a key factor account for superlow friction of H or F doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films under high vacuum. As we known, H or F doped DLC usually exhibited superlow friction under high vacuum. However, the superlow friction of S doped DLC under high vacuum was not found so far. This phenomenon was desirable to be well investigated. In this work, S-terminated diamond interfaces also exhibited strong repulsive force, however, the estimated friction coefficient was variable for S-terminated diamond interfaces. The lowest and largest friction coefficient was about 0.003 and 0.4 respectively, which indicated that the superlow friction of S doped DLC could achieve in theory. In order to well probe the unusual friction behavior of S doped DLC under high vacuum, using first-principles method, the repulsive interaction between sliding surfaces was well investigated in order to understand the unusual friction behavior of S doped DLC films.     

真空电弧离子源Ti(H)等离子体原子发射光谱分析的初步研究

作为一种常用的等离子体诊断方法,原子发射光谱法具有非侵入、在线诊断、时空分辨等优点,在等离子体诊断领域得到了广泛的应用。作为一种单次脉冲离子源,真空弧离子源具有结构紧凑、工作压强低、束流大和可以随时开始工作等其他类型的离子源所无法比拟的优点,在离子源研究和应用领域受到了极大的关注。为了研究真空弧离子源的放电过程,对其放电生成等离子体的特性进行详细描述,并为进一步的离子源研究和改进奠定基础,采用原子发射光谱法对其放电生成等离子体的参数进行诊断。本文结合原子发射光谱的斯塔克(Stark)展宽和Saha-Boltzmann方程,发展了两种针对光谱仪采集到的发射光谱数据的处理方法,可对等离子体的电子温度、电子密度、离子温度以及热运动状态进行诊断。对阴极为Ti(H)材料时真空弧离子源放电生成的等离子体,分别采用这两种方法对其进行了诊断,对诊断结果的有效性进行了判断。此外,还对光谱采集过程中,实验室背景辐射对诊断结果的影响进行了讨论。     

Bending of rectangular plates carried by vacuum cups

In order to carry thin plates, vacuum cups are frequently used. When the over-hang is large, the deflections and stresses of the plate have considerably large values. In this paper, the rectangular plate hung by circular vacuum cups is treated. The analysis is carried out for the plate, which is subjected to line loads and radial bending moments at the inner circular boundary and free at the outer rectangular boundary. In addition to these boundary conditions, the plate is subjected to different distributed loads on inner and outer domains. First, the general solutions for the deflections on each domain are obtained by using infinite series, which are expressed by the polar coordinate system. The several undetermined constants in these equations are decreased by the conditions of continuity at the inner boundaries. Satisfying the boundary conditions at the finite points on the outer edges of the plate, the deflections and stresses of the plate and the contact pressures between the plate and the vacuum cup are calculated. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form for different parameters and vacuum cup edge conditions.