锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面对有机分子不同官能团微观吸附的机制

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)严重危害了生态环境和人体健康,因此对具有典型官能团的VOCs气体进行灵敏检测具有重要意义.文章研究了具有典型官能团的VOCs气体C₂H₂、C₂H₄、HCOOH、CH₃OH、HCHO和CH₃COCH₃分子在锐钛矿相TiO₂(101)表面吸附的传感特性.结果表明：具有氧空位缺陷的表面对极性分子吸附时,偶极矩越大,吸附体系越稳定;对非极性分子吸附时,C原子成键饱和程度越低,吸附体系越稳定.分析发现,差分电荷密度和电荷布局体现出偶极矩大小和C原子成键饱和程度对气体分子得失电子能力的影响.对于极性分子,气体分子官能团中O原子得到电子的能力为OCH₃COCH₃>OHCHO>OCH₃OH>OHCOOH;对于非极性分子,官能团中C原子得到电子的能力为CC₂H₂>CC     

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Inclusion Capability of a Fluorescent Indolizine β-Cyclodextrin Sensor Towards Volatile and Semi-volatile Organic Guest

Inclusion equilibria of a new fluorescent indolizine modified β-cyclodextrin were studied in aqueous solution to evaluate its use as a fluorescent chemo-sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The host compound shows a decrease of the fluorescence intensity by adding adamantanol, benzene, toluene, phenol and p-cresol as guest. The sensing parameter (ΔI/I ₀) was used to show the sensing ability of the host. The formation constant values measured using a spectral displacement method and a specific algorithm treatment are reported. Although the guest binding ability of the sensor is not enhanced by the existence of the hydrophobic cap, this new cyclodextrin sensor shows a very strong sensing ability. The experimental values of the constants were in good agreement with the computed complexation energies, ΔE, from molecular mechanics modelling of the inclusion process.     

Process sampling module coupled with purge and trap-GC-FID for in situ auto-monitoring of volatile organic compounds in wastewater

An automatic sampling device, i.e., process sampling module (PSM), connected with a purge and trap-GC-FID system has been developed for real-time monitoring of VOCs in wastewater. The system was designed to simultaneously monitor 17 compounds, including one polar compound, i.e., acetone, and 16 non-polar compounds. The trapping tube is packed with two adsorbents, Carbopack B and Carbosieve III, to trap target compounds. For the purpose of in situ monitoring, the flush valve of the sampling tube is composed of two two-way valves and a time controller to prevent absorption interference of the residue. The optimal conditions for the analytical system include a 12 min purge time at a temperature of 60 °C, and 4 min of desorption time with a desorption temperature of 260 °C. Good chromatograms have been obtained with the analytical system even if a cryogenic device and de-misting were not used. The relative standards deviation (RSD) of the system is between 2% and 13.4%, and accuracies between 0.3 and 23.5% have been achieved. The detection limits of the method range from 0.32 to 2.39 ppb. In this system, the four parts, i.e., PSM, P&T, GC, and FID, were simple, reliable and rugged. Also, the interface of these four parts was simple and dependable.     

Gaseous and Particle‐bound VOC Products of Combustion Extracted by Needle Trap Samplers

Gaseous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o‐xylene (BTEX) were extracted by using the divinylbenzene (DVB) particles (mesh sizes 60–80, 80–100 and 100–120) as sorbents packed in passive needle trap samplers (NTS). This study performed feasibility tests of these self‐designed DVB‐NTS as diffusive time‐weighted average (TWA) samplers and compared extraction efficiency with that of 100 mm polydimethylsiloxane‐solid phase microextration (PDMS‐SPME) fiber for sampling gaseous and particle‐bound volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from burning mosquito coils. Experimental results indicated that extraction rate of NTS is a reliable index in extracting VOCs. Additionally, comparisons of the NTS in extracting BTEX mass showed the NTS packed with the smallest diameters of adsorbent particles (100–120 mesh DVB) were the most effective. The mass of gaseous BTEX extracted by 100 μm PDMS‐SPME fiber were substantially lower than that extracted by DVB‐NTS of all meshes for the 30‐min TWA sampling of burning mosquito coils, and NTS packed with 100–120 mesh DVB adsorbed BTEX 50–120 ng BTEX. Particles clogging inside the packed phase of NTS inhibited VOC extraction performance after 3–5 samplings of burning particles, especially NTS packed with small‐diameter adsorbents.     

A Study on VOCs Released by Lung Cancer Cell Line Using GCMS-SPME

The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with combination of Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) was used to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which emitted by the in-vitro cultured human cells and compared with documented volatile biomarker of lung cancer. For this purpose, the lung cancer cell (A549) and non-cancerous lung cell (WI38VA13) were cultured in identical growth medium, concurrently. The VOCs in the headspace of the cell cultures and the blank growth media (reference sample) were collected directly from the culture flask using SPME for 15minutes. The results show that two different volatile metabolites were screened out between A549 cells and Wi38VA13 cells. A549 cell found to emit 2 noticeable VOC which are decane and heneicosane. While for WI38VA13, the VOCs released were 1-Heptanol and heptadecane. The acquired VOCs were compared with the previous studies. The findings in this work conclude that the specific VOC of cells can be act as their odour signature and can be used to provide non-invasively screening of lung cancer using gas array sensor devices.     

Evaluation of polymeric nanocomposites for the detection of toxic gas analytes

Four different metal oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), nickel oxide (NiO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), were added to poly (2,5-dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA) during synthesis to create different polymer nanocomposites. These polymer nanocomposites were evaluated as potential sensing materials for six different gas analytes (acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, and methanol). It was found that CuO did not incorporate into the P25DMA and only a small percentage of Al₂O₃ was incorporated. However, both NiO and TiO₂ were incorporated into the P25DMA at the same concentration as during the synthesis step. Overall, the type of metal oxide significantly affected the morphology of the sensing material and the amount of each analyte sorbed. For example, P25DMA doped with 5 wt% Al₂O₃ had high selectivity towards ethanol, whereas P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO₂ sorbed the most ethanol. However, P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO₂ also sorbed a high amount of formaldehyde, making P25DMA doped with 20 wt% TiO₂ less selective than P25DMA doped with 5 wt% Al₂O₃ towards ethanol with respect to formaldehyde.     

Toluene abatement on Ag-CeO2/SBA-15 catalysts: synergistic effect of silver and ceria

As a typical volatile organic compound, toluene is a hazardous material for human health and the environment, and currently, the development of catalysts for its oxidation into CO₂ and water is crucial. The series of Ag-CeO₂/SBA-15 catalysts is synthesized by wetness impregnation techniques and characterized by a number of physical-chemical methods (nitrogen [N₂] physisorption, small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS], transmission electron microscopy [TEM], and temperature-programmed reduction [TPR]). The toluene sorption and catalytic properties in toluene oxidation are studied. Small silver [Ag] and cerium oxide [ceria, CeO_2] particles with sizes below 3 nm are predominantly formed in the ordered structure of Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 [SBA-15]. The interactions between the Ag and CeO₂ nanoparticles are established. Temperature-programmed desorption of toluene [TPD-C₇H₈] analysis shows that physical adsorption of toluene occurs on pristine SBA-15 material, while the introduction of either silver or ceria to SBA-15 leads to the appearance of additional strongly bound chemisorbed toluene on such sites. When both Ag and CeO₂ are introduced, only chemisorbed toluene is formed over the Ag-CeO₂/SBA-15 catalyst, and the highest catalytic activity in toluene oxidation is observed over this catalyst (T_98% = 233 °C, 0.2% C₆H₅CH₃) that is attributed to the synergistic effect of ceria [CeO_2] and silver [Ag].     

杉叶蕨藻挥发性有机物的组成特点

杉叶蕨藻是全球具有较强破坏力的入侵海藻.不同于顶空固相微萃取-GC/MS测试方法,研究采用吹扫/捕集-GC/MS,根据标准化合物图库直接对杉叶蕨藻的挥发性有机物(VOCs)成分进行定性和半定量分析,共分离鉴定出65种VOCs,主要是酚类、呋喃类、醛类、醇类、酮类等化合物.其中酚类、呋喃类等具有一定毒性的化合物百分比含量较高,可能对其它海藻的生长具有抑制作用.对大气环境具有重要影响的卤代烃、苯系物以及含硫有机化合物在杉叶蕨藻挥发性组分中也有大量检出.     

Large‐Area,Freestanding MOF Films of Planar,Curvilinear, or Micropatterned Topographies

Freestanding MOF films up to six‐inches across and replicating various surface (micro)patterns are prepared via a templated growth method. When grown on copper supports, these films have preferred orientation of the constituent crystallites, translating into markedly different wetting properties of the film's two surfaces (water‐pinning vs. water repellant). In addition, the films exhibit differential sorption of various organic solvents, can recover oil spills from seawater, and can also act as active layers of chemical sensors.     

VOCs在吸附剂上吸附性能的热力学研究

采用色谱法与热重(TG)法,测量了正己烷、甲苯和乙酸乙酯在活性炭、5A、NaY、13X、ZSM-5 (SiO_2/Al_2O_3=27、300)、Hβ以及M CM-41等吸附剂上不同温度下的吸脱附行为,并基于反相气相色谱法测得的数据,计算了其吸附热力学参数ΔH、ΔS和ΔG,分析了上述VOCs分子与吸附剂之间的作用机制,并借助FT-IR验证了吸附质在分子筛表面的吸附机制。结果表明,上述吸附过程存在物理吸附和化学吸附两种方式,其中,物理吸附的作用力大小与吸附剂的孔径分布和分子直径相关,而化学吸附的作用力大小依赖于分子筛硅铝比和Ca~(2+)、Na~+、H~+等阳离子及吸附质分子的偶极矩,且强的化学吸附使得部分吸附质分子的脱附温度高于200℃。