以苯丙氨酸为例刍议芳香族氨基酸的生物合成机理

从磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸和4-磷酸赤藓糖为始探讨了3种芳香族氨基酸合成代谢共享的分支酸合成途径,并以苯丙氨酸为例从多学科角度讨论分析其合成代谢的独特性.通过多学科角度展示了生物体内不同代谢路径之间的关联及相似性,旨在展示一种教学新模式,帮助学生建立起跨学科内容的学习及归纳方法.     

镧、镨及钐与氨基酸配合物的滴定量热研究

用滴定量热法测定了298.15K下稀土镧(Ⅲ)、镨(Ⅲ)及钐(Ⅲ)离子与8种氨基酸配合物的稳定常数及反应焓变,并由此推出反应的吉布斯自由能变化和熵变.实验结果表明焓变是配合反应的主要驱动力;氨基酸侧链R基极性的增加对配合反应有阻碍作用,而氨基酸中环参与配合反应则有助于提高配合物的稳定性.     

亮氨酸与异亮氨酸的低频集体振动的太赫兹光谱研究

太赫兹(THz)波是指频率在0.1～10 THz频段的电磁波。太赫兹光谱技术不同于以往的检测手段,可以用于检测氨基酸同分异构体,反映物质的分子结构和构型,对食品安全和药品药性控制有着重要的意义。亮氨酸与异亮氨酸属于同系的同分异构体,它们具有近似的分子结构,但物理化学性质有很大的差别。生物大分子的太赫兹吸收与其分子间氢键和分子内氢键的振动和转动能级相关的偶极跃迁有关,可以利用分子偶极跃迁进行生物分子的指纹识别。采用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),对亮氨酸和异亮氨酸进行了测量。在中红外波段亮氨酸与异亮氨酸的吸收光谱几乎完全重叠,而在太赫兹频波段可以观察到它们的光谱存在明显差异,因此太赫兹光谱能够作为快速准确鉴别这两种物质的方法。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的低频集体振动模式进行理论模拟,并对其太赫兹光谱进行研究和讨论。通过比较实验和理论结果,计算得到的峰位与实验结果可以互相印证。     

The role of mammalian autophagy in protein metabolism

Autophagy is in principle a non-selective degradation system within cells, which is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is usually suppressed at low levels but can be upregulated during periods of nutrient starvation, which facilitates cell survival. In addition to this fundamental role, basal autophagy was recently revealed to be important for constitutive turnover of intracellular proteins and organelles. Autophagy has been considered to be involved also in presentation of endogenous antigens, degradation of invasive bacteria, tumor suppression, cell death and development. This review will discuss the biological significance of autophagy, particularly focusing on its implications in protein metabolism in mammals.     

FTIR法研究氨基酸稀土配合物与磷脂的相互作用

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）法研究了不同类型氨基酸及其配合物与二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱脂质体浇铸膜的相互作用。结果表明，在有氨基酸存在下，二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱的红外谱图没有明显的变化；氨基酸稀土配合物与磷脂极性头基团有静电相互作用，作用的程度随稀土离子、氨基酸及稀土同氨基酸配比的不同而有所不同。     

不同龄期养殖鲈鱼的生化组成

对平均体重为1.22g,265g和1094g的一龄、二龄和三龄养殖鲈鱼肌肉中的水分，蛋白质、脂肪及氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析。结果表明，养殖鲈鱼肌肉中水分，蛋白质和脂肪的含量分别为76.39%-77.51%,17.68%-18.12%和3.56%-4.03%。鲈鱼肌肉的氨基酸总量占肌肉干重百分比在一龄，二龄和三龄养殖鲈鱼中分别为76.62%.75.11%和73.78%。平均为75.17%，必需氨基酸分别为40.10%,39.02%和36.69%。平均为38.60%，每克肌肉（湿重）含有脂肪酸总量在一龄、二龄和三龄养殖鲈鱼中分别为22.10mg,20.65mg和13.42mg。平均为18.72mg。其中PUFA总量分别为10.19mg,7.57mg和2.54mg，平均为6.77mg。     

新疆野生黑加仑与马林果实的营养成分分析

通过对新疆野生黑加仑和野生马林的脂肪油，8种微量元素，17种氨基酸以及维生素C的含量进行测定得出：黑加仑脂肪油含量为17．9％，马林的脂肪油含量为22．3％，其中，黑加仑脂肪油中，r－亚麻酸的含量为19．02％，而马林中，其含量为9．40％，黑加仑中K，Na,Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe的含量比马林中的含量高，而Mn,Mg元素的含量却比马林含量低；马林的维生素C含量为16．22mg/g，黑加仑的含量为108mg/g，黑加仑的氨基酸的总量为1．63％，马林为1．14％。     

Partial molar adiabatic compressibilities of transfer of some amino acids from water to aqueous lactose solutions at different temperatures

Apparent molar adiabatic compressibilities (K_{?, s}) of glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, and L-leucine have been determined in aqueous and mixed aqueous solutions of lactose (2 to 6 mass%) at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K. From these data partial molar adiabatic compressibilities at infinite dilution (K_{?, s}⁰) have been evaluated to calculate corresponding transfer function. The transfer partial molar adiabatic compressibilities at infinite dilution (ΔK_{?, s}⁰) are found to be positive. The decrease in the magnitude of transfer partial molar adiabatic compressibilities from glycine to L-leucine indicates the dominance of hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions between the increasing side chains of amino acids. Also, the contributions of NH₃⁺COO⁻ , and CH₂ groups have been calculated by the linear correlation of K_{?, s}⁰ with number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of amino acids.     

Ultrasound irradiation promoted enzymatic alcoholysis for synthesis of monoglyceryl phenolic acids in a solvent-free system

Monoglyceryl phenolic acids (MPAs) were known as the natural hydrophilic antioxidants which could be used in different fields such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic etc. A novel enzymatic route of MPAs synthesis by the alcoholysis of phenolic acid ethyl esters with glycerol under ultrasound irradiation in solvent free system was developed. Optimization of reaction parameters shows that a high conversion of above 97.4% can be obtained under the following conditions: phenolic acid ethyl esters to glycerol molar ratio of 1:10, with 6% catalyst (Novozym 435), at 60 °C and 200 rpm, with ultrasound input of 250 W, at 20 kHz frequency. Compared to the conventional stirring method, the activation energy for phenolic acid ethyl esters conversion was decreased from 65.0 kJ/mol to 32.1 kJ/mol under ultrasound promotion; the apparent kinetic constant (V_m/K_m) increased above 1.2-folds; the lipase amount decreased to 50%; the time required for the maximum conversion reduced up to 3-folds without damaging the lipase activity, which is the fastest report for enzymatic synthesis of MPAs.     

Adsorption of 2‐amino‐5‐cyanopyridine on a gold surface as probed by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The adsorption of 2‐amino‐5‐cyanopyridine (2‐ACP) was investigated in solution at different pH values by i n situ surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy combined with the electrochemical method. The assignments of the main bands were first performed on the basis of the spectral features of similar compounds and with the help of density functional theory calculations. The results revealed that the adsorption and the interfacial structure of 2‐ACP on the Au electrode depended on the applied potential and the pH values of the solution. In the natural solution, 2‐ACP was adsorbed on the surface with a vertical orientation by the CN group from − 0.4 to − 1.0 V, whereas in the − 0.4 to 0.8 V range, the N atom of the pyridine ring was bound to the surface. A transition region for the reorientation of the two adsorption modes was observed from − 0.8 to − 0.4 V. A flat configuration was preferred at an extremely negative potential. A similar surface adsorption behavior was observed in the alkali environment, while the Stark effect slope decreased because of the adsorption of OH⁻. Due to the protonation of N atom in the acidic solution, the potential region for the coexistence of two configurations ranged from − 0.4 to 0.2 V. Additionally, a similar adsorption configuration was proposed on the Au colloids at various pH values. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior became more complex on colloidal surfaces than that on a rigid electrode surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.