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21.
22.
J. Forstén 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1998,3(7):285-288
This article mainly focuses on the testing of products, materials, etc., but the general principles are applicable in a broader
perspective. Quality of testing should be judged based on fitness for purpose. This judgement includes both objective and
subjective elements. The possibility to make decisions and other professional judgements based on test results alone is discussed
and compared with the decisions and judgements being made through the certification and inspection process. Quality, including
the uncertainty of the test results, depends on many factors, and in order to make necessary improvements in the testing procedures
based on the customers' needs, the right issues should be addressed. The question arises as to whether, in laboratories' quality
systems and in the accreditation and certification process, attention is really paid to those factors that are crucial to
obtaining reliable results. 相似文献
23.
24.
分光光度计测铁矿石中钛的测量不确定度评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
紫外-可见分光光度计在化学分析中应用较为广泛。对于借助其进行化学分析测量不确定度的评定,目前较多见于溶液测定。实际应用中,测试样品多为固体,涉及到称样、溶解、稀释、定容等步骤。此文试从随机效应和系统效应的角度考虑,对紫外-可见分光光度计应用ISO4691:1985铁矿石中钛含量的测定——二安替比林甲烷分光光度法对铁矿石中钛的测量过程中的不确定度来源进行了较为全面的分析,并最终给出评定结果。 相似文献
25.
In this work a novel graphical method is applied to the presentation of intercomparison results. This is demonstrated with
the results of a recent intercomparison in measuring the 137Cs, 40K, and 90Sr activity concentration in milk powder. The “PomPlot”, an intuitive graphical method, is used for producing a summary overview
of the participants’ results of a common measurand. The “PomPlot” displays (relative) deviations of individual results from
the reference value on the horizontal axis and (relative) uncertainties on the vertical axis. 相似文献
26.
E.?DesimoniEmail author B.?Brunetti R.?Cattaneo 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2004,9(8):445-449
Considering the uncertainty of measurement when assessing compliance with reference values given in compositional specifications and statutory limits is still a controversial matter. In theory, assessing compliance requires considering both type I (false positive) and type II (false negative) errors. The more the concentration of the analyte in the sample under investigation is close to the allowed concentration limit, the more critical it is to consider both types of errors. This paper describes how this could be done. The matter is discussed in the light of the most recent literature information. 相似文献
27.
Monitoring multi-class pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Frenich AG Vidal JL López TL Aguado SC Salvador IM 《Journal of chromatography. A》2004,1048(2):199-206
A new analytical method was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the routine analysis of 31 multi-class pesticide residues and applied to approximately 50 fresh fruit and vegetable samples (green bean, cucumber, pepper, tomato, eggplant, watermelon, melon and zucchini). Extraction of the pesticides with ethyl acetate was carried out. The optimal ionisation conditions were selected for each pesticide in the same run. The procedure was validated and the values of some merit figures, such as recovery, precision, linear range, detection limit and quantification limit for each pesticide were calculated together with its calculated expanded uncertainty (U). The average recoveries in cucumber obtained for each pesticide ranged between 74 and 105% at two different fortification levels (n = 10 each) that ranged between 9 and 250 ng g(-1) (depending on the pesticide). The uncertainty associated to the analytical method was lower than 23% for all compounds tested. The calculated limits of detection and quantitation were typically <1 ng g(-1) that were much lower than the maximum residue levels established by European legislation. 相似文献
28.
The robustness testing of a normal-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of R-timolol and other related substances in S-timolol maleate was performed applying a two-level Plackett-Burman design. Two qualitative and five quantitative factors were examined. Two types of responses were considered, qualitative, i.e. chromatographic performance criteria, and quantitative ones. The latter were taken into account to determine if the analytical procedure was robust. The quantitative responses were the contents of R-timolol in two S-timolol maleate samples. Even though some significant factor effects were observed on the qualitative responses, the R-timolol contents were not significantly different from those observed at nominal conditions, which demonstrated the robustness of the procedure.Since the experiments of the Plackett-Burman design can be assimilated to laboratories in an interlaboratory study, uncertainty can be evaluated using the robustness test data. The robustness test was set-up in such a way that the required variances could be estimated. It was shown that the robustness set-up allows estimating the reproducibility uncertainty without performing an interlaboratory study. 相似文献
29.
Semyon Rabinovich 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(11):603-608
The “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” (GUM) is an extremely important document. It unifies methods for
calculating measurement uncertainty and enables the consistent interpretation and comparison of measurement results, regardless
of who obtained these measurements and where they were obtained. Since the document was published in 1995, it has been realised
that its recommendations do not properly address an important class of measurements, namely, non-linear indirect measurements.
This drawback prompted the initiation of the revision of the GUM in the Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides
in Metrology, which commenced in October 2006. The upcoming revision of the GUM provides the metrological community with an
opportunity to improve this important document, in particular, to reflect developments in metrology that have occurred since
the first GUM publication in 1995. Thus, a discussion of the directions for this revision is important and timely. By identifying
several shortcomings of the GUM and proposing directions for its improvement, we hope this article will contribute to this
discussion.
Papers published in this section do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors, the Editorial Board and the Publisher. 相似文献
30.
González-Rodríguez MJ Arrebola Liébanas FJ Garrido Frenich A Martínez Vidal JL Sánchez López FJ 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,382(1):164-172
A new analytical method is proposed to determine more than 40 multiclass pesticides in different kinds of processed (whole, skimmed and powdered) and unprocessed (goat and human) milk samples using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). A comparative study between headspace (HS) and direct immersion (DI) was carried out. The effect of milk dilution and the use of acid to reduce the influence of the matrix in DI-SPME mode were also evaluated. DI of the SPME fiber into previously diluted and acidified milk samples achieved the best sensitivity results. Pesticides were determined using low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS/MS). Both of the selected techniques have been shown to be effective at reduce fat interference and can determine analytes present at very low concentrations (limits of quantification between 0.02 and 1.00 g L–1). Performance characteristics such as linearity, recovery, precision, and lower limits, together with an estimation of the measurement uncertainty using validation data, are presented for each pesticide. All of the pesticides presented recovery rates of between 81 and 110% and precision values lower than 12% (expressed as the relative standard deviation). The overall uncertainty of the method was estimated at three different concentrations (10, 25 and 50 g L–1) and was lower than 25.5% in all cases. The proposed analytical methodology was applied to the analysis of target pesticides in 35 samples: 15 commercial, 3 human and 17 goat milk samples. The metabolite p,p-DDE was the compound most frequently found in both the breast and goat milk samples, at concentration levels <20 g L–1. However, pesticide residues were not found in any of the other 15 commercial milk samples (skimmed, powdered and whole milk) analyzed. 相似文献