分光光度法测定土壤中总磷

氢氧化钠熔融法消解，调节pH值，加入抗坏血酸溶液及钼酸铵盐溶液显色15min，用30mm比色皿，以水为参比．于700nm波长处测定吸光度，求出土壤中的总磷。实验表明，样品分解完全，回收率为96．2％-97．5％；RSD为3．1％；检出限为0．07mg／L；线性范围为0-1．00mg／L。本法简便、可靠、能够满足环境监测对土壤中总磷分析的需要。     

紫外光降解-离子色谱法测定液晶材料中有机分子上的碱、碱土金属和铵

采用紫外光降解－离子色谱法测定了液晶材料中的阳离子。研究了样品光降解的条件，H2O2及酸的影响，样品基体有机物的去除，并对直接水溶样品，超声提取样品和光解样品和光解样品测定结果进行了对比。结果表明：3种样品中均含有Na^ ,NH4^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 5种阳离子，但光解样品中5种阳离子的含量分别是超声提取及直接水溶样品中含量的3．5－19．7倍和10．6－46．6倍。对液晶样品进行光解测定阳离子时无需加入H2O2氧化，光解后无需对样品进行酸化。Na^ ,NH4^ ,K^ 在光解1.5h时响应值达到最大，Mg^2 ,Ca^2 在2h时光解最完全。5种阳离子加标回收率为71．5％－107．6％。本方法对测定有机化合物上结合的阳离子有一定的参考价值。     

Determination of Lead Using a New Chromogenic Reagent 2-(2-Sulfo-4-acetylphenylazo)-7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic Acid

A novel chromogenic reagent, 2-(2-sulfo-4-acetylphenylazo)-7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid 1, was prepared by diazo coupling of 4-acetylaniline-2-sulfonic acid and 2,4,6-trichloroaniline to chromotropic acid through –N=N– groups. Based on this reagent, a simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of lead. In 0.20M phosphoric acid medium, lead reacts with 1 to form a 1:2 blue complex with an absorption maximum of 654nm. Beers law is obeyed in the range of 0–0.6mgL^–1 of lead. The apparent molar absorptivity is 1.25×10⁵Lmol^–1cm^–1. The detection limit and quantification limit were found to be 0.63µgL^–1 and 2.1µgL^–1, respectively. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicate measurements was of 2.6%. The interference of foreign ions was also investigated. All the other foreign ions studied did not interfere with lead determination except for Ca(II) and Ba(II). The interference caused by Ca(II) and Ba(II) can be eliminated by prior extraction of lead with potassium iodide-methylisobutylketone (KI-MIBK). The proposed method was applied to the determination of lead in certified samples with satisfactory results.     

A rapid and precise assay for peroxide as 'active oxygen' in products, by flow injection analysis in a high pressure system with spectrophotometric detection

A simple, rapid and automated assay for ‘active oxygen’ originating from hydrogen peroxide, or other organic peroxides, in products is presented employing flow injection (FI) analysis. The product is dispersed and peroxide dissolved in a solvent of 5% (v/v) acetic acid, which constitutes the carrier stream. Ammonium molybdate can be added to this carrier stream to increase sensitivity as required. The sample solution is injected into the acid carrier stream, which is then merged with iodide ion in situ in a two-stream manifold. The ‘active oxygen’ in the product oxidises acidified iodide to iodine, which is detected spectrophotometrically at 350 nm. The closed conditions prevent interference from atmospheric oxygen and the short reaction time minimises the potential for interference from side reactions. Standard HPLC equipment is used throughout, employing a back-pressure to improve precision (high pressure flow injection). Conditions have been investigated using screening multivariate experimental design (two-level quarter fractional factorial design incorporating centre points) to identify and optimise the critical variables. The method has been fully validated (with sample solution R.S.D.s typically < 0.5%, LOQs of 0.04 or 0.006 μg ml⁻¹ as ‘active oxygen’ for acid or acid/molybdate carriers respectively) and is quicker and simpler than the currently employed manual titration approach. It should be applicable to a range of ‘active oxygen’ products.     

A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric estimation of catechol derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations

A sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the estimation of catechol and its derivatives like dopamine hydrochloride (DPH), levodopa (LDP), methyldopa (MDP) and adrenaline hydrochloride (ADH) in both pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation, is described. The method is based on the interaction of diazotised sulphanilamide (DSA) with catechol derivatives in the presence of molybdate ions in acidic medium. Absorbance of the resulting red coloured product is measured at 490 nm for pyrocatechol (PCL) and at 500 nm for other catechol derivatives. The colour reaction is stable for 24–30 h. Under optimal conditions, Beer's Law range for pyrocatechol was found to be between 0.04 and 2.4 (R.S.D.=0.78%), for DPH was 0.02–2.8 (R.S.D.=0.98%) for LDP was 0.1–2.8 (R.S.D.=1.21%) for MDP was 0.5–7 (R.S.D.=1.41%) and for ADH was 0.5–7 (R.S.D.=1.58%). The method is highly reproducible and specific for these selected catechol derivatives. The common excipients used as additives do not interfere in the proposed method. Analytical data for the determination of the pure compound is presented together with the application of the proposed method to the analysis of some pharmaceutical formulations. The results compare favourably with those of official and reported methods.     

催化动力学分析法测定粗硒粉中微量碲的研究

提出基于Te(Ⅳ)催化S2-还原亚甲基蓝褪色反应,建立了新的测定微量碲的动力学分析方法。研究了催化反应条件,并测定了催化反应的表观活化能为68.94 kJ·mol-1,反应速率常数为1.63×10-2 s-1。Te(Ⅳ)浓度在20～220 ng·mL-1范围内服从比尔定律,回归曲线的线性方程为y=0.003 8x+0.219 1,相关系数r=0.999 5,方法的检出限为3.04 ng·mL-1。应用于粗硒粉中微量碲的测定,相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=7),加标回收率为98.4%～100.4%。     

双酶偶联催化分光光度法测定血清次黄嘌呤

依据黄嘌呤氧化酶和辣根过氧化物酶催化反应的特征,研究了以黄嘌呤氧化酶-辣根过氧化物酶-苯酚-4-氨基安替比林为反应显色体系,建立了检测血清和组织中次黄嘌呤浓度的新方法。通过对该测定体系影响因素的考察,确定最佳反应条件为：黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO, EC 1.2.3.22) 0.32 U·mL-1,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP) 7.0U·mL-1,4-氨基安替比林(AAP) 1 mmol·L-1,苯酚(PA) 6 mmol·L-1溶于100 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCL缓冲液(pH 8.3);反应温度为37 ℃,保温时间为8 min;检测波长为508 nm。测定次黄嘌呤浓度的线性范围为0.2～3.0 mmol·L-1,线性关系良好(r=0.997 9),检测限为0.05 mmol·L-1。方法操作简单易行,测定结果准确可靠。可有效应用于普通实验室和常规临床血液生化检测。     

杂多酸(蓝)分光光度法在测定痕量元素中的研究进展

杂多酸能被还原为有颜色的杂多蓝,结合分光光度法,可对痕量元素进行准确的分析。目前,杂多酸分光光度法作为一种分析技术,具有精度高、操作简便、分析速度快等优点,在痕量分析领域得到了迅速发展。文章综述了杂多酸在测定痕量元素P, As, Si和V中的应用及研究进展。方法主要包括钼蓝法、杂多酸-碱性染料法、荧光分光光度法、流动注射分光光度法、原子吸收分光光度法、激光热透镜分光光度法等,并对这些方法进行了比较分析。     

荧光法研究木犀草素与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱方法,研究了木犀草素与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用。研究表明木犀草素对HSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,根据不同温度下木犀草素对HSA的荧光猝灭作用,利用Stern-Volmer方程处理实验数据,表明木犀草素对HSA的荧光猝灭作用属于静态猝灭。根据Fōrster非辐射能量转移理论计算了木犀草素与HSA间的结合常数和结合位点数,求得了木犀草素与HSA间的结合距离r。热力学数据表明二者主要靠疏水作用力结合。同时用同步荧光光谱探讨了木犀草素对HSA构象的影响。     

Meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)卟啉褪色光度法测定蛋白质的研究与应用

采用吸光光度法研究了meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)卟啉[T(DBHP)P]作为新型光谱探针与蛋白质相互作用的光谱行为。发现在pH 4.17 Britton-Robinson缓冲液中,吐温-80(Tween-80)微乳液介质可以显著增强了体系的灵敏度。在最佳实验条件下,考察了T(DBHP)P-蛋白质体系的吸收光谱特性,于425 nm处蛋白质的浓度在一定范围内与吸光度A呈良好的线性关系。分别用于测定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵血清白蛋白(Ova),线性范围分别为0.50～6.00 μg·mL-1和0.05～0.60 μg·mL-1,检出限分别为0.11和0.039 μg·mL-1。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,成功地用于牛奶样品中蛋白质的测定,回收率为99.56%～100.2%,相对标准偏差低于2.2%。从而建立了一种测定蛋白质的灵敏方法并用于食品分析领域中。另外考察了离子强度及温度对体系的影响。