超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定水稻基质中阿维菌素残留量,考察了基质效应,并对实际样品进行了检测.稻田土、稻壳、糙米和稻杆经乙腈振荡提取,稻田水经乙酸乙酯液液分配提取后,用C18固相萃取小柱或弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS正离子扫描测定残留的阿维菌素.稻田土、稻田水和糙米的3种添加浓度(1.0,10.0和100 μg/kg或μg/L)的平均回收率为84％～107％,相对标准偏差为4.7％～13.6％.稻壳和稻杆的2档添加浓度(10.0和100 μg/kg)的平均回收率为90％和103％,相对标准偏差为8.4％～12.9％.本方法在稻田水、糙米和稻田土中的检出限为0.3μg/kg在稻壳和稻杆中检出限为3.0 μg/kg,低于欧盟和日本在稻米中制定的阿维菌素最大残留限量值.阿维菌素在2.0～100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好( r＞ 0.999).     

High speeds complementary integrated circuits fabricated with all‐printed polymeric semiconductors

Inkjet‐printed high speed polymeric complementary circuits are fabricated using an n‐type ([poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐dithiophene)} [P(NDI2OD‐T2), Polyera ActivInk N2200] and two p‐type polymers [poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a dithiophene‐based polymer (Polyera ActivInk P2100)]. The top‐gate/bottom‐contact (TG/BC) organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) exhibit well‐balanced and very‐high hole and electron mobilities (μ_FET) of 0.2–0.5 cm²/Vs, which were enabled by optimization of the inkjet‐printed active features, small contact resistance both of electron and hole injections, and effective control over gate dielectrics and its orthogonal solvent effect (selection of poly(methyl methacrylate) and 2‐ethoxyethanol). Our first demonstrated inkjet‐printed polymeric complementary devices have been integrated to high‐performance complementary inverters (gain >30) and ring oscillators (oscillation frequency ～50 kHz). We believe that the operating frequency of printable organic circuits can be further improved more than 10 MHz by fine‐tuning of the device architecture and optimization of the p‐ and n‐channel semiconductor processing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010     

Substrates for flexible electronics: A practical investigation on the electrical,film flexibility,optical, temperature,and solvent resistance properties

Designing and developing flexible electronics requires a thorough investigation of the substrates available for the fabrication of devices. Here, we present a practical study on a variety of significant substrates: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), its heat‐stabilized (HS) derivative, HS‐PET, and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) plastic insulating films; indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated ITO/PEN and ITO/PET transparent conducting films; rigid ITO/glass and FTO/glass substrates; stainless steel and titanium foils. We put the substrates through a range of tests these actually undergo during device fabrication to determine their optical, mechanical flexibility (under different types of tensile and compressive stress bending with and without a PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer layer), solvent resistance, stability to temperature treatment (conductivity and deformation), and to UV irradiation. We highlight issues and propose solutions to improve substrate response. The results and thresholds extracted reveal limitations and windows of opportunity useful for the designer of flexible optoelectronics in determining manufacturing processes and the final applications under everyday operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

Development and validation of UPLC for the determination of phenolic compounds and furanic derivatives in Brandy de Jerez

Brandy and other aged distillates are a rich source of polyphenols. For brandies, contact with wood during ageing makes an important contribution to their polyphenols content. This paper describes the use of a previously devised ultra performance LC (UPLC) method to study the polyphenols content of Brandy de Jerez. UPLC is a new technique in LC offering several potential advantages, especially the reduction of time. Analyses of brandy performed by HPLC were repeated by UPLC. A special UPLC analytical column (Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column, 100×2.1 mm), with a particle size of 1.7 μm, forms part of this system. Using the UPLC system enabled the time needed for analysis to be reduced to one tenth of the time needed in the conventional HPLC system. In conclusion, the separation factor results of the UPLC were compared to those obtained using HPLC methods; this demonstrated that simple, high efficiency UPLC gradients are viable and advantageous substitutes for traditional analysis of polyphenols in brandy by HPLC. The method enabled 14 phenolic compounds to be identified and determined in 33 different commercial brandies, and this allowed them to be differentiated in function of quality.     

Dynamic optimization of chemical cleaning in dead-end ultra filtration

In this paper a control strategy is formulated that minimizes the costs for a single chemical cleaning of a dead-end ultra filtration membrane. From the process model, the performance index and the constraints it can be derived that dynamic optimization will lead to a ‘maximum effort control problem’, in which the controls (cleaning flow and cleaning agent concentration) are either zero or maximum. The change from maximum to zero is called the switching point. This switching point depends on the overall cleaning time and the requested cleaning effectiveness. From the calculated optimal control strategy it follows that cleaning time can be significantly reduced, compared to conventional cleaning.     

Non-adiabatic thin-film (chip) nanocalorimetry

To study the kinetics of processes on a millisecond time scale a thin-film nanocalorimeter based on a commercially available microchip (thermal conductivity vacuum gauge, TCG 3880, from Xensor Integration, NL) was constructed. The gauge consists of a submicron silicon nitride membrane with a film-thermopile and a film-heater, which are located at the 100 μm × 100 μm central part of the membrane. Controlled fast cooling is possible in addition to fast heating at essentially non-adiabatic conditions. To allow fast cooling the measurements are performed in an ambient gas atmosphere. It is proved that the maximum rate of the controlled cooling can be achieved with a gas cooling agent, rather than in a system with a solid heat-sink. The advantage of the gauge TCG 3880 is that its central heated region is small enough to be considered as a point source of the heat-flow into the gas, which essentially simplifies the calorimeter calibration. The maximum cooling rate is inversely proportional to the radius of the heated region. The gauge is placed in a thermostat with controlled gas pressure and temperature to be utilized as a device for fast scanning calorimetry of sub microgram samples with sensitivity 1 nJ/K and time resolution ca. 5 ms.     

一种新的两道工序柔性流水车间排序问题

本文针对F_2(p),h11.1|m_1=1,m_2=μ≥2|C_(max)这一问题给出了几种近似算法,并对每种近似算法进行了最坏情形分析,给出了最坏情形界.     

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet with two metall–organic frameworks

Two metal–organic frameworks, [Co₂(L)(H₂O)₂(4,4′-bipy)]·3CH₃CN (1) and [Mn₂(L)(1,10-phen)(H₂O)]·H₂O (2) (H₄L = 5-[bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-amino]isophthalic acid; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), with two different N-donor ligands have been synthesized. The structures of both MOFs were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. MOF 1 shows 3D uncommon (4,6,6)-c net with (4.5³.6²)₂(5⁷.6⁶.8²)(4².5⁴.6⁶.7².8) topology while in the case of 2, only L^4? ligands link Mn(II) ions into a 2D layer structure with chelating 1,10-phen ligand. The results demonstrate that variation in the N-donor ligands plays a pivotal role in deciding the framework of the two MOFs. Both MOFs have been exploited as photocatalyst materials for the degradation of MV. The photocatalysis results indicate that the two MOFs are stable and are prospective candidates for degradation of methyl violet under UV light irradiation. Additionally, 2 displayed superior photocatalytic activity in comparison to 1. The probable photocatalytic activity mechanism for both 1 and 2 against MV has been proposed using density of states (DOS) calculations.     

Atomically flat single terminated oxide substrate surfaces

Scientific interest in atomically controlled layer-by-layer fabrication of transition metal oxide thin films and heterostructures has increased intensely in recent decades for basic physics reasons as well as for technological applications. This trend has to do, in part, with the coming post-Moore era, and functional oxide electronics could be regarded as a viable alternative for the current semiconductor electronics. Furthermore, the interface of transition metal oxides is exposing many new emergent phenomena and is increasingly becoming a playground for testing new ideas in condensed matter physics. To achieve high quality epitaxial thin films and heterostructures of transition metal oxides with atomically controlled interfaces, one critical requirement is the use of atomically flat single terminated oxide substrates since the atomic arrangements and the reaction chemistry of the topmost surface layer of substrates determine the growth and consequent properties of the overlying films. Achieving the atomically flat and chemically single terminated surface state of commercially available substrates, however, requires judicious efforts because the surface of as-received substrates is of chemically mixed nature and also often polar. In this review, we summarize the surface treatment procedures to accomplish atomically flat surfaces with single terminating layer for various metal oxide substrates. We particularly focus on the substrates with lattice constant ranging from 4.00 Å to 3.70 Å, as the lattice constant of most perovskite materials falls into this range. For materials outside the range, one can utilize the substrates to induce compressive or tensile strain on the films and explore new states not available in bulk. The substrates covered in this review, which have been chosen with commercial availability and, most importantly, experimental practicality as a criterion, are KTaO₃, REScO₃ (RE = Rare-earth elements), SrTiO₃, La_0.18Sr_0.82Al_0.59Ta_0.41O₃ (LSAT), NdGaO₃, LaAlO₃, SrLaAlO₄, and YAlO₃. Analyzing all the established procedures, we conclude that atomically flat surfaces with selective A- or B-site single termination would be obtained for most commercially available oxide substrates. We further note that this topmost surface layer selectivity would provide an additional degree of freedom in searching for unforeseen emergent phenomena and functional applications in epitaxial oxide thin films and heterostructures with atomically controlled interfaces.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查农药制剂中非法添加的化学杀菌剂

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查农药制剂中35种非法添加化学杀菌剂的方法.农药制剂样品经甲醇超声溶解提取后,采用Zorbax C18色谱柱(100 mm×1.8 mm,2.1μm)进行分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙睛作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子全扫描模式进行分析.在所建立的条件下,35种杀菌剂在0.2,0.4和2.0 mg/kg水平下的添加回收率为81.0%~101.3%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.4%.在100份样品有6份样品中筛查出添加了化学杀菌剂,并进行了含量分析.本方法分析效率高,结果准确可靠,适用于农药制剂中非法添加化学杀菌剂的定性筛查.