Poly（meta-phenylene） Derivative with Rigid Twisted Biphenyl Units in Backbone： Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Photophysical Properties and Electroluminescence

A soluble poly(meta-phenylene)derivative with rigid twisted biphenyl unit was synthesized by the Yamamoto coupling reaction.The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents,and the number-average molecular weight is about 6500.The UV-Vis and quantum chemical calculation indicate that the different conformation segments named "conformers" exist in the polymer backbones;it was also further confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the dimeric model compound.The π-π transition of biphenyl segments of twisted and planar conformations made the polymer exhibit a strong absorption around 256 nm and a weak absorption at about 300 nm.Furthermore,the polymer exhibits a strong UV photoluminescence at 372 nm when the excitation wavelengths are longer than 300 nm.The ultraviolet-emitting electroluminescence(EL)device with the single layer structure shows EL λmax of the derivative at 370 nm.     

Spectral and thermal characterization of polyaniline–oxalic acid salt

Polyaniline–oxalic acid salts were prepared at 5 and 30°C by chemical polymerization of aniline using different concentration of oxalic acid. Polyaniline base was obtained from the corresponding polyaniline salt by dedoping using aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution. Conductivity measurements, elemental analysis, Infrared, electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance spectral, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed on the polyaniline salts and bases. Composition and the extent of dopant in polyaniline salt systems where determined. The value of composition of polyaniline: oxalic acid is 4: 1.6 and the polymer yield is around 66%. The value of conductivity, polymer yield and composition of polyaniline–oxalic acid salt is independent of concentration of oxalic acid used and also the synthesis temperature. The results are compared with polyaniline–hydrochloride salt prepared by chemical polymerization. The conductivity of polyaniline–oxalic acid salt is three orders of magnitude lower than that of polyaniline-hydrocholoride salt. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Spectroelectrochemical and Voltammetric Studies of L‐DOPA

The electrooxidation of L -dopa at GC electrode was studied by in situ UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) and cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of electrooxidation and some reaction parameters were obtained. The results showed that the whole electrooxidation reaction of L -dopa at glassy carbon (GC) electrode was an irreversible electrochemical process followed by a chemical reaction in neutral solution (EC mechanism). The spectroelectrochemical data were treated by the double logarithm method together with nonlinear regression, from which the formal potential E⁰=228 mV, the apparent electron-transfer number of the electrooxidation reaction αn=0.376 (R=0.99, SD=0.26), the standard electrochemical rate constant k⁰=(3.93±0.12)×10⁻4 cm s⁻¹ (SD=1.02×10⁻²), and the formation equilibrium constant of the following chemical reaction k_c=(5.38±0.34)×10⁻¹ s⁻¹ (SD=1.02×10⁻²) were also obtained.     

Multivariate optimisation of the experimental conditions for determination of three methylxanthines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) are the most important naturally occurring methylxanthines. Caffeine is a constituent of coffee and other beverage and included in many medicines. Theobromine and theophylline are formed as metabolites of caffeine in humans, and are also present in tea, cocoa and chocolate products.

In order to improve the chromatographic resolution (R_s) with a good analysis time, experimental designs were applied for multivariate optimisation of the experimental conditions of an isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method used for the simultaneous determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. The optimisation process was carried out in two steps using full three-level factorial designs. The factors optimised were: flow rate and mobile phase composition. Optimal conditions for the separation of the three methylxanthines were obtained using a mixture of water/ethanol/acetic acid (75:24:1%, v/v/v) as mobile phase and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹. The RP-HPLC/UV method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, recovery and the precision, calculated as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). In these conditions, the LOD was 0.10 μg L⁻¹ for caffeine, 0.07 μg L⁻¹ for theobromine and 0.06 μg L⁻¹ for theophylline. The proposed method is fast, requires no extraction step or derivatization and was suitable for quantification of these methylxanthines in coffee, tea and human urine samples.     

新型四四硫富瓦烯环蕃的合成和性质

利用2,3-二(2-氰基乙硫基)-6,7-二烷硫基四硫富瓦烯在甲醇钠的作用下消除一个保护基团生成四硫富瓦烯单钠盐, 与1,4-二氯甲基苯反应, 形成“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物, 生成的“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物再次在甲醇钠的作用下消除剩下的保护基团, 形成“单桥”-双(四硫富瓦烯)衍生物二钠盐, 最后与二溴代烷反应形成新型四四硫富瓦烯环蕃, 并通过循环伏安法和化学氧化法分别对其氧化还原性质和紫外光谱进行了研究.     

Synthesis and Complexation Studies of a Tetra(N,N-dimethyl) Aminoethylamide p-tert-butyl Calix[4]arene and Its Tetramethylammonium Derivative

We describe the synthesis of two functionalised p-tert-butyl calix[4]arenes: tetra(N,N-dimethyl) aminoethylamide derivative 1 and related tetramethylammonium 2. Their complexation properties towards alkali and zinc metal cations are reported along with complexation of perchlorate anion by 2.     

Electrochemical vapor generation of selenium species after online photolysis and reduction by UV-irradiation under nano TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> photocatalysis and its application to selenium speciation by HPLC coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry

An online UV photolysis and UV/TiO₂ photocatalysis reduction device (UV–UV/TiO₂ PCRD) and an electrochemical vapor generation (ECVG) cell have been used for the first time as an interface between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) for selenium speciation. The newly designed ECVG cell of approximately 115 L dead volume consists of a carbon fiber cathode and a platinum loop anode; the atomic hydrogen generated on the cathode was used to reduce selenium to vapor species for AFS determination. The noise was greatly reduced compared with that obtained by use of the UV–UV/TiO₂ PCRD–KBH₄–acid interface. The detection limits obtained for seleno-DL-cystine (SeCys), selenite (Se^IV), seleno-DL-methionine (SeMet), and selenate (Se^VI) were 2.1, 2.9, 4.3, and 3.5 ng mL^–1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the speciation of selenium in water-soluble extracts of garlic shoots cultured with different selenium species. The results obtained suggested that UV–UV/TiO₂ PCRD–ECVG should be an effective interface between HPLC and AFS for the speciation of elements amenable to vapor generation, and is superior to methods involving KBH₄.     

Advanced oxidation processes for decolorization of aqueous solution containing acid red G azo dye

Some investigations concerning the decolorization of Acid Red G azo dye by photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide were performed. The influences of pH, oxidant concentration, and the presence of Fe²⁺ or other metal ions (Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺) as potential catalysts, were investigated. The best results were obtained in the presence of ferrous ions in acid and neutral media. The other ions are not as effective as Fe²⁺ for dye decolorization. Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions have a catalytic action, at low concentration, within a wide range of pH. Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid pH values, but show a weak action in alkaline media.     

Determination of Biodiesel and Triacylglycerols in Diesel Fuel by LC

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantifying blends of biodiesel (simple alkyl esters of fatty acids) in petrodiesel. The method uses a silica column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of hexane and methyl t-butyl ether. Separated components were quantitated using either an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) or UV detector. Precision of injection and linearity of response of the ELSD and UV detectors over a range of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends [1–30 v/v %] were established by use of standards. The method also can be used for quantitating similar levels of oils or fats (triacylglycerols) in petrodiesel.     

以β-二酮连接的含生色团丙烯酰类单体及其饱和模型化合物的荧光行为

通过合成一系列同一分子中既含有给电子性荧光生色团又含缺电子性碳碳双键的烯类单体, 发现这类单体在相同生色团浓度下的荧光强度均明显低于相应的饱和模型化合物或聚合物[1～3]. 这种现象称为荧光结构自猝灭效应(SSQE), 以区别于浓度自猝灭现象. 对于电子状态与之相反的单体, 即含受电子性荧光生色团的乙烯基醚类单体, 也观察到了SSQE[4,5]. 进一步的研究结果表明, SSQE是光照条件下分子内电子给受体之间电荷转移作用的结果, 分子中电子给受体间的间隔基长度和溶剂的性质等都对SSQE有显著的影响[6]. 以往合成的含给生色团的丙烯酰类单体, 其电子给受体间是通过饱和脂肪链相连, 当生色团和受电子性碳碳双键之间以β-二酮结构相连时, 这类单体的荧光性质如何, 是否发生SSQE是我们的关注所在. 另一方面, β-二酮类化合物在一定波长光照射条件下, 常发生烯醇式与酮式的互变异构化. 虽然已有许多文献报道有关烯醇式-酮式互变异构过程中各种光谱的变化以及用核磁、红外、紫外等光谱手段研究烯醇式-酮式互变异构动力学, 但有关β-二酮类化合物互变异构过程中荧光光谱的变化的报道却很少[7～11]. 本文合成了以β-二酮连接的含二甲氨基苯基生色团的烯类单体, 1-(4-二甲氨基苯基)-4-甲基-4-戊烯-1,3-二酮(DMPDK)及其饱和模型化合物1-(4-二甲氨基苯基)-1,3-丁二酮(DMBDK), 研究了其光谱性质及光致互变异构行为.