Modeling the strain rate-dependent constitutive behavior in nanotwinned polycrystalline metals

Experimental studies have demonstrated that both strain rate and temperature influence the mechanical behavior of nanostructured metals significantly. In this work, a theoretical model is developed to describe the strain-rate-dependent constitutive behavior of nanotwinned polycrystalline metals. The athermal flow stress and thermal-activated flow stress are both considered in modeling the plastic deformation of a nanotwinned metal. Numerical results are consistent with the experimental results, showing that the present model can well describe the strain rate-dependent deformation behavior of nanotwinned polycrystalline copper. Henceforth, the constitutive behaviors of nanotwinned copper at different strain rates and temperatures can be predicted, which will be useful for optimizing the dynamic mechanical properties at various temperatures for nanotwinned metals.     

高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂的研究进展

高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂主要用于生产给水管、燃气管及各种工业用管,是一类技术含量较高、市场前景较好的聚乙烯专用树脂。高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂多为双峰或多峰结构,采用茂金属催化剂或具有高共聚性能的齐格勒纳塔(Z-N)催化剂双釜或多釜串联聚合生产。本文介绍了高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂的分子结构和性能特点,以及制备该类树脂的催化剂和工艺技术,并对国内的相关催化剂及制备技术作了评述。     

妊娠与微量元素食疗的关系探讨

应用原子吸收分光光度法测定了2300例健康孕妇及150例未受孕健康妇女发中锌、铜、铁、钙的含量。结果表明,妊娠妇女微量元素缺乏率为：铁63．54％、锌44．26％、钙29．17％。研究揭示,微量元素与妊娠有非常密切的关系,应通过食疗调整,使孕妇体内微量元素维持在正常水平,保证孕妇的身体健康和胎儿的正常生长发育。     

赤道几内亚巴塔地区产妇分娩时间分析

为分析赤道几内亚巴塔地区产妇分娩时间有无集中趋势 ,准确记录了 3 0 66例单胎足月顺产产妇分娩时间 ,并进行了统计学分析。结果表明 ,y =0 2 3 64 ,x =-0 1 0 7865,r =0 2 598,仭=1 1 4 52°,s=94 0 7,仭 >S ,故P <0 0 0 5。结论 :该地区分娩时间存在集中趋势 ,以当地 7时3 8分为中心 (P <0 0 0 5) ,提示援外医务人员予以重视。     

两种铁剂治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血疗效的研究

目的观察两种铁剂对妊娠期缺铁性贫血的治疗效果。方法80例缺铁性贫血孕妇随机分成两组,多糖铁组40例,每天早餐后给多糖铁复合物胶囊0．3g;多维铁组40例,多维铁口服溶液20mL／d分两次于早晚餐后服。主要观察指标：血红蛋白、平均红细胞容积、血清铁、铁蛋白等。结果两组治疗4周后,患者血红蛋白、平均红细胞容积及血清铁均有升高,且多糖铁组较多维铁组升高更明显,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论两种铁剂治疗妊娠期IDA均有效,多糖铁复合物胶囊升高血清铁效果显著,而且服用方便,患者用药依从性好,是治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血理想的口服铁剂。     

不同孪晶界密度银纳米线拉伸形变行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了不同孪晶界密度银纳米线的拉伸形变行为,分析了孪晶界密度对多晶银纳米线屈服强度、弹性模量和塑性变形机理的影响.在弹性形变区域,孪晶界的存在对杨氏模量变化的作用不明显.在塑性形变阶段,首先从表面边缘开始产生位错成核,然后延伸并受阻于孪晶界.在进一步拉伸载荷作用下,孪晶界将作为位错源产生新的位错.模拟结果表明,银纳米线的强度与孪晶界和晶粒的尺寸有关.孪晶界密度较小(即晶粒的长径比大于1)时,此纳米线的屈服应力比单晶纳米线还要小,只有当孪晶界密度较大时(即晶粒的长径比小于1),孪晶界使得纳米线得到强化.综合分析了孪晶界和晶粒尺寸对银纳米线的影响,为构建高强度金属纳米线打下基础.最后讨论了温度和拉伸速度对孪晶纳米线屈服应力所产生的影响,随着温度的升高,孪晶纳米线与单晶纳米线的屈服应力差先升高后趋于稳定;当拉伸速度逐渐增大,孪晶纳米线与单晶纳米线的屈服应力差先稳定后增大.     

构建低成本的Ni3C/孪晶Zn0.5Cd0.5S异质结/同质结纳米杂化体系来实现高效的光催化分解水产氢

开发低成本的半导体光催化剂以实现可见光下高效、持久的光催化分解水产氢化是一个非常具有挑战性的课题.近年来,具有孪晶结构的ZnxCd1-xS(ZCS)固溶体引起了人们的研究兴趣,这主要是由于孪晶相之间形成了同质结,同质结可以通过提高体相光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,从而提高原始硫化物光催化剂的光催化分解水产氢活性.但由于孪晶ZCS固溶体表面超快载流子复合以及活性位点不足,进一步提高其光催化析氢活性还需解决这些不足.负载助催化剂被认为是加速产氢动力学和促进表面光生电子空穴分离最有效策略之一.因此,我们将低成本的类金属Ni3C助催化剂与孪晶ZCS固溶体通过简单的研磨方法结合来实现高效的可见光催化分解水产氢.合成的Zn0.5Cd0.5S-1%Ni3C(ZCS-1)异质结/同质结最高的可见光光催化分解水产氢速率可达783μmol h–1,是纯ZCS的2.88倍.在420 nm时,ZCS和ZCS-1的表观量子效率分别为6.13%和19.25%.这是由于孪晶ZCS固溶体中闪锌矿段和纤锌矿段的同质结连接可以显著提高光生电子空穴对的体相转移和分离.同时,ZCS与金属Ni3C助催化剂间的异质结可以有效地增加孪晶ZCS固溶体的光捕获及表面载流子分离,增强产氢活性位,从而提高催化活性.本文以乙酸镉、乙酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料合成了CdZn(OH),后者与硫代乙酰胺水热合成了孪晶CZS,并用超声研磨方法合成CZS-Ni3C.在可见光下进行了产氢测试,实验结果证实了优化的ZCS-1在Na2S·9H2O和Na2SO3的水溶液中光催化析氢活性最高.经过4次连续的循环反应,ZCS-1二元复合体系展现出良好的稳定性.为深入探讨高效产氢机制,对纳米级ZCS复合材料的光催化物化性能及载流子分离机制进行了表征.通过X射线衍射确定了ZCS和ZCS-1的晶体结构.用高分辨电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱证实合成了ZCS和Ni3C助催化剂的成功复合.用紫外-可见漫反射光谱法对制备的ZCS和ZCS-1复合样品的光吸收特性进行了表征.结果表明,在ZCS上负载Ni3C以后,样品的可见光吸收能力显著提升.利用稳态及瞬态荧光光谱研究了ZCS-1光催化剂的电荷载流子复合和转移行为.进一步对纯ZCS和ZCS-1复合光催化剂的瞬态光电流响应(I-t曲线)进行了研究,确定了光生载体的分离效率.阻抗是深入研究电荷载流子迁移和界面转移的最有力技术,利用阻抗技术证实ZCS-1界面高效的载流子分离性能.极化曲线结果表明,加入Ni3C可以降低ZCS的产氢过电势,因此加速表面产氢动力学.由此可见,本文所构建的ZCS同质结与Ni3C助催化剂的协同作用可以明显促进体相及表面光生电子空穴对的分离,从而显著增强光催化分解水产氢活性.该文所采用基于ZCS纳米孪晶与异质助催化剂耦合策略可以作为一种通用策略扩展到各种传统半导体的改性,从而极大地推进高效光催化产氢材料的持续进步.     

Accelerated failure time regression for backward recurrence times and current durations

Backward recurrence times in stationary renewal processes and current durations in dynamic populations observed at a cross-section may yield estimates of underlying interarrival times or survival distributions under suitable stationarity assumptions. Regression models have been proposed for these situations, but accelerated failure time models have the particularly attractive feature that they are preserved when going from the backward recurrence times to the underlying survival distribution of interest. This simple fact has recently been noticed in a sociological context and is here illustrated by a study of current duration of time to pregnancy.     

Speaking Fundamental Frequency in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

The speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and the intraindividual variation of the SFF during the reading of a Dutch standard text were measured in 30 female monozygotic twins (MT) and 30 dizygotic twins (DT), aged 15–29 years. A control group was created that consisted of 30 nonrelated paired individuals of equal age. Studying the intrapair correlation coefficients it seemed that the SFF was similar to a greater degree in MT and to a lesser degree in DT, while there was no correlation at all in nonrelated peers. These results are compatible with a genetic basis for the SFF. On the other hand, the intraindividual variation of the SFF was highly similar in MT and in DT (but not in nonrelated peers), so that for this parameter it was not possible to discern the influences of genetic disposition and shared environment.     

HILIC‐MS‐based shotgun metabolomic profiling of maternal urine at 9–23 weeks of gestation – establishing the baseline changes in the maternal metabolome

In this data‐rich age it is no longer necessary to methodically isolate, characterize and measure specific molecules. What is important is to identify which of the hundreds or thousands of resolved and measured ‘unknown’ molecules are potentially associated with the pathophysiology of interest. We have taken LC‐MS data from pregnancy urine and applied SIMCA P+ data analysis software in shotgun metabolomics to search the large amount of data for significant metabolite changes that occur in the transition from the first to early second trimester of pregnancy. Seventy‐two individual urine samples were examined spanning 9–23 weeks of gestation. Three‐hundred and eighty‐three ions were identified and variations were mapped between profiles of different gestational age and the significance quantified. In urine collected during pregnancy, the transition from first to early second trimester revealed a relatively steady pattern of metabolites except for four that showed a dramatic fall in abundance as pregnancy progressed from the first to second trimester. The pattern of changes in urinary metabolites identified by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Liquid Interaction Chromatography (ZIC‐HILIC) coupled to mass spectrometry was evaluated and we established a baseline of changes from which a search for metabolomic markers associated with clinical pathologies of pregnancy can be made as a part of wider ultraomics study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.