STM/AFM studies of the evolution of morphology of electroplated Ni/W alloys

The surface morphology evolution of Ni/W alloys was studied, as a function of the alloy composition. Using the modified plating baths developed in our laboratory recently, electroplated Ni/W alloys with different W content, in the range of 7–67 atom percent (a/o), can be obtained. This was found to lead to different structures, ranging from polycrystalline fcc-Ni type structure to amorphous, followed by orthorhombic with increasing W content in the alloy. Powder XRD was studied to determine the crystal structures. Ex situ STM, AFM and SEM were used to study in detail the surface morphologies of the different alloys, and their evolution with increasing W content.

The important findings are that a mixture of two crystalline forms can give rise to an amorphous structure. Hillocks that are usually a characteristic of epitaxial growth can also exist in the amorphous alloys. Oriented scratches caused by stress can also be formed.

Up to 20 a/o of W is deposited in the alloys in crystalline form, with the fcc-Ni type structure. Between 20 and about 40 a/o an amorphous structure is observed, and above that an orthorhombic crystal structure is seen, which is characteristic of the NiW binary alloy. Careful choice of the composition of the plating bath allowed us to deposit an alloy containing 67 a/o W, which corresponds to the composition NiW₂.     

用金属钨平台石墨炉原子化器测定环境样品中的锶

使用新原子化器－金属钨平台和全热解石墨管测定环境样品中锶，其优点为：（１）避免锶和石墨管中碳形成化合物，有利提高峰高灵敏度和消除记忆效应。２．避免溶样用的硝酸和高氯酸对石墨管的腐蚀以及产生严重的基体效应，３；空白低。有     

表面粗糙度对面向等离子体钨材料溅射的影响

依据钨材料表面溅射的实验现象,建立钨材料表面粗糙模型,模拟了高能H⁺、He⁺粒子辐照下的钨材料表面的溅射行为过程,并与基于离子输运的双群模型计算得到的结果作了比较。结果表明,随着钨材料表面粗糙程度的增加,溅射率降低;对一定的粗糙表面,相同能量的不同入射粒子,质量越大粒子溅射率越高,这些结果为分析聚变装置中心等离子体杂质水平和评价偏滤器寿命等提供了一定的理论支撑。     

可见光-近红外光谱的矽卡岩型铁矿反演模型

铁矿资源是我国国民经济基础产业中的重要组成要素,在我国经济发展中有举足轻重的地位。铁矿品位的检定效率对铁矿石开采效率有重大影响。目前,铁矿石品位的化学分析检定法,不仅存在成本较高,化验周期长的问题,更主要的是其无法实现铁矿品位原位测定,相对配矿流程存在滞后效应,无法有效降低矿石开采的损失贫化率;基于可见光-近红外光谱分析的铁矿品位原位测定技术是解决这一问题的有效途径。以225个红岭矽卡岩型铁矿测试样本的可见光-近红外光谱数据及化学分析数据为数据源,首先对原始数据进行了平滑处理,并分析了矽卡岩型铁矿可见光-近红外光谱特征,然后利用倒数对数、多元散射校正（MSC）两种预处理方法对平滑后的光谱数据进行处理,再分别以主成分分析法（PCA）、遗传算法（GA）两种降维算法对预处理前后的光谱数据进行了处理,获取了六种不同预处理组合算法处理后的数据源。其中以PCA降维算法所降维数分别为3维、3维、7维;以GA降维算法所降维数分别为477维、489维、509维。最后基于随机森林（RF）和极限学习机（ELM）建立了矽卡岩型矿石金属铁品位的定量反演模型,以决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和平均相对误差（MRE）三个指标分别对模型的稳定性、精确度、可信度进行评价。结果表明,经MSC处理及PCA降维后的数据基于ELM算法建立的定量反演模型效果最优,其R2可达0.99、RMSE为0.005 7、MRE为2.0%,该方法所建模型对红岭矽卡岩型铁矿品位反演精度有明显的提升。对矽卡岩铁矿品位的实时、快速分析提供了一种有效的方法,对实现矽卡岩型铁矿的高效开采具有重要的现实意义。     

Effect of annealing temperature on the photocatalytic activity of WO3 for O2 evolution

Commercial WO₃ powder was annealed in air at four different temperatures and characterized by XRD and BET. The samples were used for the photooxidation of H₂O to O₂ under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) in the presence of IO₃⁻ and the evolved gases were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the WO₃ photocatalyst of monoclinic phase, which was obtained by annealing at 750 °C for 4 h, displayed the best activity in terms of O₂ evolution among all the samples. Moreover, the activity was also found to be slightly affected by the grain size of the WO₃ samples.     

Surface diffusion of dysprosium on the W(1 1 1) facet

Diffusion of dysprosium on the (1 1 1) facet of a tungsten micromonocrystal was investigated by means of spectral analysis of field emission current fluctuations. The experimental spectral density functions of the current fluctuations were analysed by using Gesley and Swanson’s theoretical spectral density function, which enables to determine the surface diffusion coefficient D for dysprosium. Derived from the temperature dependence of D, the diffusion activation energy E is presented for some Dy coverages θ_(1 1 1). In the temperature range 400–600 K, the E first drops from 1.25 eV per atom at θ₍₁₁₁₎≈0.25 ML to 0.48 eV per atom at θ₍₁₁₁₎≈1 ML (corresponding to the minimum of the work function of the system), then increases to 1.03 eV per atom at θ₍₁₁₁₎≈1.3 ML. The results are discussed from the aspects of the substrate structure and interaction in the adsorbed layer.     

Core-level spectroscopy of the Pd/W(1 1 0) interface: Evidence of long-range Pd-island-W interactions at submonolayer Pd coverages

We have measured W 4f_7/2 core-level photoemission spectra from W(1 1 0) in the presence of Pd overlayers for coverages up to ∼1 pseudomorphic monolayer (ML). At coverages close to 0.05 ML a striking change in the W core-level spectrum is observed, which we interpret as indicating a long-range lateral effect of 2D Pd islands upon the W electronic structure in both the first and second W layers. As the coverage increases the long-range effect weakens and finally vanishes near 0.85 ML. Above this coverage the W spectra are typical for a W-based bimetallic interface, with the first-layer W atoms exhibiting a small interfacial core-level shift (−95 ± 5 meV) compared to the bulk atoms.     

鞍山式铁矿SiO2含量的热红外光谱分析方法

SiO₂含量是铁矿石质量控制的主要技术指标,亦是衡量铁矿石品质好坏的关键指标之一,对选矿方法、配矿流程的确定具有重要意义。传统的SiO₂含量测定法虽然准确度高,但工作量大,操作繁琐,花费时间长,难以快速、高效确定铁矿石中SiO₂含量。采用红外光谱辐射计Turbo FT对辽宁省鞍钢集团鞍千矿业有限责任公司的“鞍山式”铁矿样品进行热红外光谱测试,分析了光谱特征,构建了比值指数(RI)、差值指数(DI)和归一化指数(NDI),并确定光谱指数与样品SiO₂含量相关性最显著的敏感波段及对应的相关系数值;优选出与样品SiO₂含量相关性最显著的归一化指数(NDI),构建样品SiO₂含量的定量反演模型,并进行了验证。结果表明,三种光谱指数与样品SiO₂含量的敏感波段均位于余辉带特征(RF)的左边界8.06与8.2 μm处,相关系数均达到0.9以上,其中NDI与样品SiO₂含量的相关性最高;基于NDI构建了实验样品SiO₂含量的二次函数反演模型,预测误差为3.57%。该方法相对于传统的研磨化验法,具有工作强度小、便捷、快速、高效、无污染的优点,对遥感找矿也具有一定指导意义。     

X射线荧光光谱结合判别分析识别铁矿石产地及品牌：应用拓展

铁矿石是钢铁工业的重要原材料,我国是铁矿石进口需求型国家,是世界铁矿石消费第一大国。海关对进口铁矿石检验的主要目标是预防进口铁矿石中涉及安全、卫生、环保、欺诈等方面的风险。对进口铁矿石产地及品牌进行符合性验证,可以快速筛选掺杂、掺假、以次充好,支撑进口铁矿石的风险管理,保障贸易便利化。在前期研究基础上进行应用拓展,研究对象为澳大利亚、南非、巴西、哈萨克斯坦、印度5个国家、21个品牌的422份进口铁矿石样品。考察了波长色散-X射线荧光光谱无标样分析方法的准确度,对于测量过程中未检出的元素含量,选择了用检测限替代缺失值。对于测量过程中的异常值,使用基于剩余方差的F检验进行异常值的剔除,皮尔巴拉混合块、纽曼混合块铁矿、纽曼混合粉铁矿各有一组数据计算得出的F统计量大于F检验临界值（a=0.01）,因此将这3组数据剔除。采用逐步判别法筛选出Fe,O,Si,Ca,Al,Mn,Ti,Mg,P,Na,Cr,K,Sr,S,Zn,V,Cu,Ba,Ni,Mo,Pb共21个元素的含量作为产地识别模型的特征变量,建立四维Fisher判别模型,实现了对铁矿石产地的识别;采用逐步判别法筛选出Fe,O,Si,Ca,Al,Mn,Ti,Mg,P,Na,Cr,K,Sr,S,Zr,Zn,V,Cu,Ba,Cl,Ni,Mo和Pb共23种元素含量作为品牌识别模型的特征变量,建立二十维Fisher判别模型,实现对21种品牌铁矿石的识别。考察了特征元素对分类识别模型的贡献,并分析了误判品牌铁矿石的元素特征。总结出进口铁矿石产地及品牌判别分析模型的整体数据处理流程。     

ICP—AES法测定铁矿中铝,钙,镁,锰,钴,铜,钠和钾

本文研究了ICP-AES法测定铁矿中铝,钙、镁、锰、钴、铜、钠和钾的方法。对仪器工作参数,共存元素的光谱干扰和基体效应干扰进行了探讨。采用向标准系列中加入铁基空白溶液建立工作曲线,试样经酸处理后即可直接测定。本方法获得了良好的回收率(95～103%)和变异系数(0.5～1.3%,n=11),同原子吸收法进行比对试验,结果一致。