On-line fluorescence detection in HPLC: A high sensitive technique for the measurement of low enzyme activities: The case of tryptophan-hydroxylase

Summary The use of on-line fluorescence detection after high-performance liquid chromatographic separation permits the direct quantitative analysis of the reaction mixture of enzymes with low activity. The application to the determination of tryptophan-hydroxylase in vitro as well as in vivo is described. The whole system has a detection limit of 0.1 g 5-hydroxytryptophan formed/hour/gram of brains.     

无保护流体室温燐光法测定色氨酸的研究

建立了一种仅用KI为重原子微扰剂、Na2SO3为除氧剂的无保护流体室温燐光测定色氨酸的方法,详细研究了测定条件及有机溶剂的影响。本法的线性范围为1.2×10-7～1.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.1×10-8mol/L,相对标准偏差2.47%～3.24%。已用于大米、花生、大豆及竹笋中色氨酸的测定,与荧光法比较,分析结果相符。     

Tryptophan phosphorescence of ribonuclease T1 as a probe of protein flexibility

The phosphorescence properties of Trp-59 of ribonuclease T₁ fromAspergillus oryzae were monitored as a function of temperature, pH, salt concentration, and complex formation with substrate analogues and, also, in the presence of glycerol as viscogenic cosolvent. The results establish a rough correlation between the internal flexibility of the macromolecule, as derived from the triplet lifetime, and its stability (G orT _m ) toward unfolding. Below 10°C or in 70% glycerol the triplet probe distinguishes at least two gross conformations for the protein, which are characterized by a large difference in phosphorescence lifetime. It is pointed out that such structural heterogeneity does not correspond with the heterogeneity inferred from fluorescence decays and acrylamide quenching rates. Further, implications of the phosphorescence data with regard to the interpretation of acrylamide quenching of fluorescence are discussed.     

Electrochemical Study of Tryptophan‐containing Peptides‐Cu(II) Complexes

This article presents rotating ring‐disc electrode investigations of (A = alanine, F = phenylalanine, G = glycine, L = leucine, W = tryptophan) W, GW, WGG, GWG, GGW, GWGG, and GGWA. In addition, the analyses of the copper complexes of the same peptides plus GF, FGG, GFG, FGG, GGFL, GGGG, AAAA, and GGGGGG have been carried out. The results suggest that an influential step in the reaction mechanism of the copper complexes of the tryptophan‐containing peptides (W‐peptides) is the alteration of the peptide structure after the one‐electron oxidation of tryptophan. This change in structure leads to a positive shift in redox potential for the Cu(III)/Cu(II) couple. The analytical implications for the electrochemical detection of W‐peptides as their copper complexes are applied for detection of W‐containing bioactive peptides. Application of the optimized detection conditions of peptides as their Cu(II) complexes are as follows: (1) If sensitivity is paramount, detect the copper complexes at a relatively high potential, around 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. (2) If selectivity is paramount, use a dual electrode detector, oxidize at an upstream anode at 0.4 V, and detect at the downstream cathode at 0–0.1 V.     

聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG2）中色氨酸残基的化学修饰

用化学修饰法以Ｎ－溴代琥珀酰亚胺作修饰剂，对聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＰＧ２）中色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基与酶活性的关系进行研究，发现１个ＰＧ２分子中有６个Ｔｒｐ残基，其中４个位于酶分子内部，２个位于酶分子表面，该发现通过表面荧光猝灭实验得到进一步证明，酶分子表面的２个Ｔｒｐ残基中，有１个为活性必需的氨基酸，它的修饰导致大部分酶活力丧失，底物保护实验进一步证明该活性必需的Ｔｒｐ可能位于酶的活性部位，酶被修饰后其圆     

Unusual formation of β-carboline dimers under Bischler-Napieralski reaction conditions: an old reaction with a new direction

l-N-Formyl tryptophan methyl ester (3) underwent a Bischler-Napieralski reaction with POCl₃ at room temperature or under microwave irradiation, resulting in the unusual formation of β-carboline dimers 5 and 6. Most importantly, acetylation using Ac₂O of each of the dimers 5 and 6 separately afforded 1-[3′-carbomethoxy-β-carbolinyl]-3-carbomethoxy-9-acetyl-β-carboline (7) as the only product, the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography studies.     

氨基酸在薄层原位的傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼光谱

应用表面增强技术将薄层色谱与红外傅里叶变换拉曼光谱联用，在薄层色谱原位获得两种氨基酸光谱。研究表明，在薄层原位微量样品的ＮＩＲ－ＦＴ－ＳＥＲＳ光谱与纯固体样品ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ光谱的主要特征谱带频率基本一致，在银微粒作用下，色氨酸分子中吲哚环环伸缩振动获最大增强，组氨酸分子中Ｃ＝Ｎ双键的伸缩振动是明显增强，对８μｇ样品就能在薄层色谱原位较可靠地反映了分子的结构信息。     

Self-assembly of L-tryptophan on Cu(111) studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

The self-assembly of L-tryptophan on Cu(111) is investigated by an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 4.4 K. A series of novel supramolecular structures have been prepared with different annealing temperatures.     

Density functional theory (DFT) study of a new novel bionanosensor hybrid; tryptophan/Pd doped single walled carbon nanotube

In order to explore a new novel l-amino acid/transition metal doped single walled carbon nanotube based biosensor, density functional theory calculations were studied. These hybrid structures of organic-inorganic nanobiosensors are able to detect the smallest amino acid building block of proteins. The configurations of amine and carbonyl group coordination of tryptophan aromatic amino acid adsorbed on Pd/doped single walled carbon nanotube were compared. The frontier molecular orbital theory, quantum theory atom in molecule and natural bond orbital analysis were performed. The molecular electrostatic potential and the electron density surfaces were constructed. The calculations indicated that the Pd/SWCNT was sensitive to tryptophan suggesting the importance of interaction with biological molecule and potential detecting application. The proposed nanobiosensor represents a highly sensitive detection of protein at ultra-low concentration in diagnosis applications.