头孢唑酮与Triton X-100缔合体系的相互作用

抗生素头孢唑酮的加入使得非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100的表面活性降低. ¹H-NMR的结果表明，头孢唑酮增溶于胶束极性基团附近.头孢唑酮与Triton X-100胶束的结合常数随Triton X-100含量的增加而下降，但头孢唑酮在Triton X-100胶束相和水连续相之间的分配系数不随Triton X-100含量变化而变化.     

Triton X-100在乙二醇中的胶体性质

表面活性剂在非水溶剂中聚集态的研究所见的报导与水体系相比要少得多．然而近年来对非水体系的研究日益增多．这是因为表面活性剂在非水溶剂中的应用日趋增加，但与水体系相反，对非水体系的性质了解甚少．对表面活性剂非水体系的研究还有助于对其聚集体的共溶剂效应有更深的认识．TritonX－100（以下简写为TX－100）是典型的非离子表面活性剂，在工业上有着广泛的应用．乙二醇在多醇中与水的化学结构最相近问，然而它却是水结构的破坏剂，加入少量的乙二醇会使水的冰点急剧下降．乙二醇又是蛋白质的变性溶剂．表面活性剂在乙二醇中的胶…     

标准加入双波长光度法用于锰的选择测定

提高灵敏度与改善选择性一直是光度分析研究的重要课题。为此近年提出了许多方法。但部分改善选择性的方法如双波长及三波长法等往往导致灵敏度下降。本文基于等吸收双波长法原理及标准加入法的特点,设计了标准加入双波长分光光度法,可消除干扰、改善选择性且不致降低灵敏度。方法用于5-Br-PADAP/Triton X-100显色体系选择测定锰可消除锌的干扰。     

混合表面活性剂体系聚苯乙烯/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的制备

在TritonX-100/十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合表面活性剂体系中，制得核-壳型结构的聚苯乙烯/Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子。通过X-射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱测定表明，复合纳米粒子结构组成以Fe₃O₄为核_，聚苯乙烯为壳，证明聚苯乙烯在Fe₃O₄纳米粒子上的包覆是成功的。电子显微镜观察结果表明：Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的粒径约10 nm，聚苯乙烯/Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子的粒径为25-35 nm。     

单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤的多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别

目的分析单发肺炎实变型肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的多排螺旋CT（MSCT）表现，以提高其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析11例患者经手术病理证实的单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤的MSCT和临床资料。结果11例患者中右肺中叶5例，下叶2例，左肺上叶1例，下叶3例；大叶性实变7例，节段性实变3例，非节段性实变1例；2例病灶边缘模糊，类似于炎症，6例边缘模糊程度介于炎症与肺癌之间，3例边缘相对清楚；同邻近胸大肌密度相比较，9例病灶呈略低密度，2例与胸大肌密度接近，CT值39.6～53.3 Hu，平均42.5 Hu；11例病灶内部均未见明显坏死、囊变，9例病灶内见形态及走行相对正常的“空气支气管征”，其中3例内部同时伴有小囊腔；7例CT增强检查，均呈轻～中度较均匀强化，CT值50.5～85.7 Hu，平均66.1 Hu；5例病灶内见“血管漂浮征”；11例病灶均未见明显胸腔积液，2例病灶邻近胸膜增厚，2例伴有纵隔内淋巴结肿大。结论单发肺炎实变型肺MALT淋巴瘤CT上往往表现为肿瘤样的实变、炎症样模糊边缘，多轻、中度较均匀强化，内部常有固有结构的残留，部分可见“空气支气管征”及“血管漂浮征”。MSCT对该肿瘤的的诊断及鉴别具有一定价值。     

Practical and Efficient Method for α-Sialylation with an Azide Sialyl Donor Using a Microreactor

Efficient α-sialylation with a C5 azide sialyl donor was investigated under microfluidic conditions using a microreactor composed of a Comet X-01 micromixer and a tube reactor. Precise temperature control realized excellent α-selectivity, and Siaα(2,6)Gal, Siaα(2,3)Gal, and Siaα(2,9)Sia disaccharides were obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Self-aggregation of surfactants in water solution by NMR

Dynamic behavior of surfactant molecules, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSN), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and triton X-100, and their micelles in water solution at various concentrations were studied by chemical shift, self diffusion coefficient (D) and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation (T₁ and T₂) measurements. Experimental results show that there exist turning points at surfactant concentration (C) nearby the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for all of the above-mentioned parameters, which approach the constant values when C equals 5 to 10 times cmc. T₁ and T₂ measurements show that when C<cmc, Triton X-100 molecules exhibit fast isotropic motion in water solution. After micellization, the motion of hydrophobic chains is far away from the extreme narrowing condition, however, the long hydrophilic oxyethylene chains move relatively freely, although their T₁ and T₂ become shorter in comparison with those of the molecules in mono-molecular state. The behavior of the hydrophobic chains within the micellar core of SDSN and CTAB is similar to that of Triton X-100 to some extent. Project supported by the National Climbing Project.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanosized NiO2 and NiO using Triton® X-100

Nanosized NiO₂ particles with an average diameter of 15 nm are prepared by treating of Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O with an aqueous solution of KClO in the presence of Triton® X-100. This black fine powder of nickel peroxide was characterized by XRD diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-prepared NiO₂ can be easily transformed to nanosized NiO merely by washing it with acetone. The obtained NiO has an average diameter of 40 nm and was characterized by the same means used for NiO₂. The nanoparticles of NiO₂ and NiO were obtained in high yields and purities.      

Determination of estrogens in water by HPLC-UV using cloud point extraction

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine four kinds of estrogens: estriol (E3), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and progesterone (P) in water by high performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extractant solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na₂SO₄, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration factors of 99 for E3, 73 for E2, 152 for E1 and 86 for P were obtained for 10 mL water sample. The detection of limitation was 0.23 ng mL⁻¹ for E3, 0.32 ng mL⁻¹ for E2, 0.25 ng mL⁻¹ for E1 and 5.0 ng mL⁻¹ for P. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of estrogens in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent water and exposure water with 10 ng mL⁻¹ E2 for toxicological study in our lab. For the case of WWTP effluent water samples, no estrogen was found. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested by recovery measurements of spiked samples and good recoveries of 81.2-99.5% were obtained.     

The cardinals below

The results of this paper concern the effective cardinal structure of the subsets of [ω₁]^<ω₁, the set of all countable subsets of ω₁. The main results include dichotomy theorems and theorems which show that the effective cardinal structure is complicated.