考虑塑性变形发展程度系数的RC梁开裂弯矩改进计算公式

针对RC梁开裂荷载计算方法尚未统一的现状,首先,结合18根RC梁试验数据对比了已有的6种RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,发现开裂弯矩理论计算值与试验值的偏差大小和混凝土强度有关;然后,通过提出塑性变形发展程度系数k,推导新的RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,并进一步基于k值和塑性影响系数计算值γ_k进行改进;最后,选取12根RC试验梁验证改进公式的准确性,证明改进公式的计算值与试验值吻合更好且偏于安全。     

板结构计算模型的新发展

现代复合材料层合板具有高强和轻型的突出优点,从而在军工和民用等诸多领域发挥着重要作用。这种板结构的特点是随着纤维走向的不同,层间材料的物理-力学特性发生剧烈变化。沿板厚方向变形的梯度比较陡峭,并在层间结合面处发生强不连续,呈现zig-zag （锯齿状）现象。这导致横向剪应变在板的静态和动态响应中发生重要作用,不计横向变形的经典组合板计算模型CLPT难以适应现代多层板计算分析的需要。考虑横向剪切变形影响的板的计算模型得到重视和发展。需要指出,现有各种考虑剪切变形影响的计算模型虽然有了很大的发展,但在全面和准确性上仍然存在一定的不足,难以适应现代多层组合板横向力和物理性能多变的情况。模型预测的沿板厚方向位移和应力的变化规律难以通过严格的检验。本文提出的以比例边界有限元为基础的正交各向异性板的数值计算模型,同时可适用于各种薄板与厚板的分析,对现代复合材料层合板的分析具有特殊的优越性。所得到的板的位移、正应力和剪应力沿板厚方向的变化,与三维弹性理论的标准解高度吻合。数值算例进一步表明,随着层间纤维走向的变化,板内位移场和应力场沿板厚方向剧烈变化所呈现的锯齿现象均可以精准地进行模拟。据此,本文建议方法对现代板分析的广泛适应性和高度准确性得到了充分论证。     

石墨双层在外力作用下的变形特性

利用原子力显微镜的探针将石墨的双原子厚片层进行撕裂操作,发现石墨片层只沿特定的方向撕裂和折叠;进一步还发现被撕开的片层在探针的作用力下有可能被压缩或拉伸,被压缩的片层会恢复到原来的形状,但被拉伸的片层却不能恢复到原来的形状.     

THE RATE-INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIVE MODELING FOR POROUS AND MULTI-PHASE NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL

To determine the time-independent constitutive modeling for porous and multiphase nanocrystalline materials and understand the effects of grain size and porosity on their mechanical behavior, each phase was treated as a mixture of grain interior and grain boundary, and pores were taken as a single phase, then Budiansky's self-consistent method was used to calculate the Young's modulus of porous, possible multi-phase, nanocrystalline materials, the prediction being in good agreement with the results in the literature. Further, the established method is extended tosimulate the constitutive relations of porous and possible multi-phase nanocrystalline materials with small plastic deformation in conjunction with the secant-moduli approach and iso-strain assumption. Comparisons between the experimental grain size and porosity dependent mechanical data and the corresponding predictions using the established model show that it appears to be capable of describing the time-independent mechanical behaviors for porous and multi-phase nanocrystalline materials in a small plastic strain range. Further discussion on the modification factor, the advantages and limitations of the model developed were present.     

355 nm光作用下C6F6-HNO2水溶液的反应机理

利用激光闪光光解-瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了355 nm 光作用下六氟苯(C6F6)-HNO2水溶液的反应机理, 探讨了中间产物及其动力学行为, 并对终产物进行了分析. 实验表明, C6F6可与HNO2光解产生的OH自由基反应生成加合物C6F6…OH, 二级反应速率常数为1.8×109 L·mol -1·s-1, 加合物吸收峰位置在250、270和400 nm处; C6F6…OH 加合物通过消除反应生成C6F5O·, 其表观生成常数为6.1×105 s-1. C6F6…OH与O2复合转化为C6F6OHO2, 二级反应速率常数为2.8×106 L·mol-1·s-1, C6F6OHO2峰位置与C6F6…OH 加合物相似. 终产物分析表明, OH自由基与六氟苯发生消除HF的反应而生成C6F5OH, 有O2时, 还产生四氟醌C6F4O2, 但无论有氧还是无氧体系, 均不发生硝基化反应.     

软粒子力学性能的模拟研究

运用弹性膜理论结合三角网格动力学模型模拟研究了平行板压缩软粒子的过程, 仔细考察了压缩过程中软粒子的形状变化、应力响应、力学松弛和粘弹行为. 模拟结果与已有的实验基本一致.     

红外辐射多相复合粉体常温发射率的提高及波段宽化

通过多相成分分析, 以镁铝硝酸盐、正硅酸乙酯、钛酸四丁酯和氧氯化锆等为原料, 采用溶胶\|凝胶燃烧法合成了新型复相氧化物粉体, 研究了Ni和Fe离子掺杂及粉体细化对红外辐射率的提高及波段宽化的影响. XRD物相分析发现, 在1100～1200 ℃范围内煅烧可获得结晶良好的氧化物粉体, 该粉体的结构为堇青石及金红石等多相结构. 采用碳酸氢铵为pH调节剂与使用氨水相比, 粒子中位粒径有显著减小. 红外辐射性能显示, 在1～22 μm的宽波段内, 该复合粉体均具有很高的红外发射率, 在10 μm附近其红外发射率达到98%. 同时Ni及Fe离子的掺杂及粉体细化可引起堇青石晶格畸变, 增强了材料的非简谐效应, 从而有利于复合粉体红外辐射率的提高.     

Deformation Temperature and Lamellar Thickness Dependency of FormⅠto Form Ⅲ Phase Transition in Syndiotactic Polypropylene during Tensile Stretching

Phase transition from form Ⅰto form Ⅲ in syndiotactic polypropylene crystallized at different conditions during tensile deformation at different temperatures was investigated by using in situ synchrotron wide angle X-ray diffraction technique. In all cases, the occurrence of this phase transition was observed. The onset strain of this transition was found to be crystalline thickness decided by crystallization temperature and drawing temperature dependent. The effect of drawing temperature on this phase transition is understood by the changes in mechanical properties with temperature. Moreover, crystalline thickness dependency of the phase transition reveals that this form I to from III phase transition occurs first in those lamellae with their normal along the stretching direction which have not experienced stress induced melting and recrystallization.