Turbulence Closure with a Topography-parameter-free Single Equation Model

A new topography-parameter-free turbulence closure, based on a transport equation for the pseudo eddy viscosity, is described. The model is tested against experimental data of several flow cases across the Mach number range and compared to Menter's single equation model and to the Spalart-Allmaras model. The main conclusion is that the new closure outperforms the other two models in both low and high speed flows.     

Recurring angular distribution patterns in resonant heavy-ion reactions

It has been noticed that a distinct resemblance exists at large angles among angular distributions measured for reaction channels at the energies of some resonance-like structures in the ¹²C+¹²C and ¹⁴C+¹⁶O systems. It is pointed out that such forms are typical of a diffraction pattern of a broad band of coherent partial waves. Received: 5 October 1998 / Revised version: 8 December 1998     

Generalized KKM type theorems in FC-spaces with applications (II)

This paper is a continuum of the preceding paper of author. By applying a coincidence theorem in noncompact FC-space without any convexity structure due to author, a new KKM type theorem is first proved under noncompact setting of FC-spaces. The equivalent relation between the coincidence theorem and the KKM type theorem is also established. As applications of the KKM type theorem, we establish some new existence theorems of solutions for three classes of generalized vector equilibrium problems under noncompact setting of FC-spaces. These theorems improve and generalize many known results in literature.     

低温液体输送系统间歇泉现象机理分析与消除措施

在低温液体输送系统的垂直管路中有可能发生间歇泉现象 ,对管路系统和液体储存都会产生不利影响。文中从气泡动力学、间歇泉循环过程、管路结构等方面对低温液体输送系统中出现的间歇泉现象进行了机理分析 ,介绍了几种消除间歇泉现象的措施 ,为进一步研究间歇泉现象提供了理论基础     

Transfer functions of US transducers for harmonic imaging and bubble responses

Current medical diagnostic echo systems are mostly using harmonic imaging. This means that a fundamental frequency (e.g., 2 MHz) is transmitted and the reflected and scattered higher harmonics (e.g., 4 and 6 MHz), produced by nonlinear propagation, are recorded. The signal level of these harmonics is usually low and a well-defined transfer function of the receiving transducer is required. Studying the acoustic response of a single contrast bubble, which has an amplitude in the order of a few Pascal, is another area where an optimal receive transfer function is important.

We have developed three methods to determine the absolute transfer function of a transducer. The first is based on a well-defined wave generated by a calibrated source in the far field. The receiving transducer receives the calibrated wave and from this the transfer functions can be calculated. The second and third methods are based on the reciprocity of the transducer. The second utilizes a calibrated hydrophone to measure the transmitted field. In the third method, a pulse is transmitted by the transducer, which impinges on a reflector and is received again by the same transducer. In both methods, the response combined with the transducer impedance and beam profiles enables the calculation of the transfer function.

The proposed methods are useful to select the optimal piezoelectric material (PZT, single crystal) for transducers used in reception only, such as in certain 3D scanning designs and superharmonic imaging, and for selected experiments like single bubble behavior.

We tested and compared these methods on two unfocused single element transducers, one commercially available (radius 6.35 mm, centre frequency 2.25 MHz) the other custom built (radius 0.75 mm, centre frequency 4.3 MHz). The methods were accurate to within 15%.     

汉语儿童情感语声合成

情感语声合成技术对于人机交互具有重要的意义。面对儿童情感语声合成所需汉语语声数据资源缺乏以及模型训练时长较长等问题,该文提出利用迁移学习实现汉语儿童情感语声合成的方法。首先基于汉语语声数据库训练深度学习模型实现中文语声端到端合成模型,再使用高质量大样本的中文情感语料库完成情感语声合成模型,最后利用自行采样的小样本汉语儿童情感语料对模型进行迁移学习实现低资源的语声合成。客观实验结果中梅尔倒谱失真指标为4.91,主观听辨实验指标分别为3.61和4.17。通过实验对比表明,该文的方法在情感语声合成技术的应用上具有良好的性能表现,并且优于现有先进的低资源情感语声合成方法。     

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Mesoporous MCM‐41‐Supported Chiral Ru‐Complex

Chiral N‐sulfonyldiamine was successfully anchored on mesoporous MCM‐41 silica. The MCM‐41‐supported chiral N‐sulfonyldiamine was used as an efficient heterogeneous chiral ligand in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. This heterogeneous system offered satisfactory enantioselectivities up to 94 % with excellent conversions.     

游离芳香氨基酸和半胱氨酸对光诱导高铁肌红蛋白还原的影响

肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Mb)中血红素辅基不仅具有储氧功能,也能吸收特定波长的光而影响蛋白功能表达。实验发现,部分游离的氨基酸对光诱导高铁肌红蛋白(metM b,Fe(III)-Mb)的还原过程及还原程度都有重要作用,因此,本文采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、圆二色谱、三维荧光光谱法,在光照体系中加入拥挤试剂来模拟细胞内拥挤环境,研究芳香氨基酸[色氨酸(Trp)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、半胱氨酸(Cys)]对metM b还原的影响。结果表明,含-OH或-SH的氨基酸(Tyr、Cys)能使metM b发生较好的光还原,无-OH或-SH基团的氨基酸(Trp、Phe)对metM b的光还原作用较弱,氨基酸促进metM b光还原的整个过程可能是分子间电子转移的过程。metM b在拥挤环境聚蔗糖70(Ficoll 70)中的光诱导还原程度比在稀溶液中高,拥挤试剂Ficoll70对蛋白的二级结构起保护作用,能够稳定血红素微环境。