应用型本科院校物理化学考核模式的构建与实践

针对应用型本科院校现有的物理化学课程考核模式存在的问题,采取过程化考核和终结性考核相结合的方式,构建了新的物理化学考核模式,并在教学中进行了实践。实践表明:通过考核模式改革,化学专业学生物理化学成绩相对其他不同专业或相同专业不同年级的学生而言,物理化学课程成绩产生了显著性差异,且明显提高;激发了学生的学习兴趣,调动了学生学习的积极性、主动性,提升了学生专业素养。     

高中生化学符号表征能力的测评研究

学生化学符号表征能力的高低,直接影响学生能否科学地思考和解决化学问题,反映了学生化学学习的水平。依据化学学习的特点,对化学符号表征能力进行了水平构建,开发和优化了测量工具,并且实施了能力测量及数据分析。研究显示符号表征能力测量工具具有良好的信度、效度。大样本测试数据表明：高一和高二学生的符号表征能力并没有显著性差异,而都与高三学生有显著性差异;3类不同层次学校的学生在符号表征能力上具有显著性差异;男生的符号表征能力高于女生。     

太阳电池背反镜的吸收损耗性质研究

基于频域有限差分法和入射光场在平板型和织构型非晶硅电池内的传输过程,详细分析了Ag背反镜的吸收性质.研究表明:导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收是两种电池结构Ag背反镜的主要吸收机制;在长波段,平板型电池结构的导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收均较弱,其Ag背反镜的吸收很小(小于3;),而织构型电池结构可产生较强的导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收,其Ag背反镜的吸收较大(某些特殊波长的吸收达50;);织构型电池结构可有效拓展入射光单程通过有源层被完全吸收的波长范围.     

Derivative artificial compression method for conservation laws with multi-dimensional extension

A new resolution-enhancing technique called derivative artificial compression method is developed with multi-dimensional extension. The method is constructed via applying high-resolution difference schemes on derivative equations of conservation laws. In this way, one could overcome the defect of accuracy decay at extreme points that has plagued almost all high-resolution schemes. The new method has high resolution, low dissipation and low diffusion properties, and could enhance the resolution (of numerical solution) both at discontinuities and at extreme points. Numerical experiments are implemented using initial value problems of single conservation law, one-dimensional shock-tube problem, two-dimensional Riemann problems, double Mach reflection problem, and a shock reflection from a wedge. Resolutions of discontinuities, extremes and fine structures are compared between the original TVD scheme, TVD scheme with artificial compression method and TVD scheme with derivative artificial compression method.     

Matlab软件和逐差法在拉伸法测量杨氏模量中的应用

拉伸法可以测量金属丝的杨氏模量,本文使用逐差法处理实验数据以减小实验中的随机误差和仪器误差。实验中测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错。因此,本文使用Matlab软件和逐差法处理数据。把测量的实验数据和仪器不确定度输入Excel表格中,然后把excel文件引入到Matlab软件中,运行逐差法计算的程序后可以直接得到金属丝的杨氏模量,以及测量的百分差和相对不确定度,处理过程快捷精确。     

一种用激光干涉测量光波波长的新方法

提出了一种利用激光干涉仪测量光波波长的方法。通过改变在光的传播路径上垂直放置的透明玻璃与光传播方向的角度,使相干光的光程差发生变化;利用干涉条纹与转过角度、透明玻璃厚度之间的关系,通过激光干涉实验能准确测量出光波的波长。     

Thermal performance analysis of vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system

In this paper, the design and structure of a vacuum variable-temperature blackbody system were described, and the steady-state thermal analysis of a 3-D blackbody model was presented. Also, the thermal performance of the blackbody was evaluated using an infrared camera system. The blackbody system was constructed to operate under vacuum conditions (2.67 × 10⁻² Pa) to reduce its temperature uncertainty, which can be caused by vapor condensation at low temperatures usually below 273.15 K. A heat sink and heat shield including a cold shield were embedded around the radiator to maintain the heat balance of the blackbody. A simplified 3-D model of the blackbody including a radiator, heat sink, heat shield, cold shield, and heat source was thermophysically evaluated by performing finite elements analysis using the extended Stefan–Boltzmann’s rule, and the infrared radiating performance of the developed system was analyzed using an infrared camera system. On the basis of the results of measurements and simulations, we expect that the suggested blackbody system can serve as a highly stable reference source for the calibration and measurement of infrared optical systems within operational temperature ranges.     

Label-free high-throughput and real-time detections of protein interactions by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method

Selected Mouse IgG of 1 mg/mL as target was fabricated on microarray for 500 sample dots.Label-free and real-time reaction dynamic processes were detected between the microarrays with Goat Anti-mouse IgG of 0.02 mg/mL using the obliqueincidence reflectivity difference(OIRD)method.We obtained the reaction results and the reaction dynamic curves of 500 protein dots.In addition,we also used label-free detection of protein microarrays of 10080 sample dots,including BSA and different concentrations of Mouse IgG and Rabbit IgG,by OIRD.The obtained reaction results between the protein microarray with 1 mg/mL Goat Anti-mouse IgG and 1 mg/mL Goat Anti-rabbit IgG are reported herein.Experimental results show that OIRD can be not only label-free high-throughput detection method for biological microarrays but also label-free real-time detection in the interaction processes of biomolecules.     

Monitoring micro-mechanical changes in electronic circuit boards with digital holographic interferometry

The micrometric changes over the size of the objects produced by the temperature variations can create deleterious effects; the decoupling of soldering points in electronic circuits is one of them. In this work, we present a system based on digital holographic interferometry to quantify the magnitude of the changes produced on an electronic circuit board as it operates at very low electric currents. For the system to work, two digital holograms of the object are registered for different temperatures. These holograms are reconstructed numerically in a computer by using Fresnel's approximation to make a phase difference map. This map is converted into micrometer size variations by means of a lookup table. The implemented system allows for determining mechanical deformations in the range of 0.5–4 μm for a regular electronic circuit board drawing an electric current from 10 μA to 50 μA.