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101.
Sia dato uno spazio topologicoE con azione di un monoide topologicoH e siaE→B una funzione continue che, su ogni apertoU di una partizione dell'unità diB, sia, a meno di omotopia, la proiezioneU×H→U (ovvero una fibrazione numerabile). Un classico risultato di A. Dold e R. Lashof (1959) permette di costruire, a partire
daE→B, una funzione continuaE
∞→B∞, conE
∞ debolmente contraibile e munito di azione diH: laH-fibrazione universale associata daH. Tale funzione, in generale, non è purtroppo numerabile e quindi non si presta alla classificazione delleH-fibrazioni numerabili. Successivamente (1971), M. Fuchs ha trovato un modo di modificare la costruzione di Dold-Lashof per
recuperare la numerabilità. La costruzione di Dold-Lashof-Fuchs è, da allora, uno dei principali strumenti nella teoria degli
spazi classificanti di monoidi topologici, anche se vi è un uso di topologie alquanto complesse e quindi poco maneggevoli.
In questo lavoro ci proponiamo di mostrare come, lavorando nella categoria conveniente deik-spazi, sia possibile descrivere la costruzione di Dold-Lashof-Fuchs in modo estremamente semplificato ed adattarla anche
alla classificazione delleF-fibrazioni numerabili.
Conferenza tenuta da R. Piccinini il 15 maggio 1995 相似文献
Conferenza tenuta da R. Piccinini il 15 maggio 1995 相似文献
102.
M. Sorg 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》1995,33(2):113-125
An exact solution of Dirac's equation in an open Robertson-Walker universe is constructed such that the corresponding energy-momentum densityT
µv
obeys the cosmological principle. However, in anopen universe, this principlemust always be violated by the other physical densities of the cosmological solution (e.g. pseudoscalar, (axial-) current and polarization). If the current densityj
µ
=
isrequired to obey the cosmological principle, then the universe must beflat. 相似文献
103.
We obtain the complete set of states of theq-oscillator in both configuration space and momentum space as well as the transformation between these spaces. The states as well as the matrix elements lie in the SU
q
(2) algebra. To obtain transition probabilities, one must take the Woronowicz square. 相似文献
104.
Maria Rosaria Enea 《Geometriae Dedicata》1994,51(3):257-286
In this paper we develop a structure theory of algebraic right distributive quasigroups which correspond to closed and connected conjugacy classes
generating algebraic Fischer groups (in the sense of [6]) such that the mappingx x
–1
ax, fora
, is an automorphism of
(as variety). We also give examples of algebraic Fischer groups where this does not happen. It becomes clear that the class of algebraic right distributive quasigroups has nice properties concerning subquasigroups, normal subquasigroups and direct product.We give a complete classification of one- and two-dimensional as well as of minimal algebraic right distributive quasigroups. 相似文献
105.
Uwe Grimm 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》1994,32(3):183-187
Explicit expressions for three series ofR matrices which are related to a dilute generalisation of the Birman-Wenzl-Murakami algebra are presented. Of those, one series is equivalent to the quantumR matrices of theD
n+1
(2)
generalised Toda systems, whereas the remaining two series appear to be new. 相似文献
106.
T. Sandrock T. Danger E. Heumann G. Huber B. H. T. Chai 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1994,58(2):149-151
We report, to our knowledge for the first time, Continuous Wave (CW) laser emission at room temperature of Pr:LiYF4 (Pr.YLF) at six wavelengths: 522, 545, 607, 639.5, 720 and 907.4 nm. The pump source was an argon-ion laser tuned to a wavelength of = 457.9 nm. The maximum output powers at 522 nm (3Pi 3H5) and 639.5 nm (3P0 3F2) were 144 and 266 mW, respectively. We also observed CW laser action of Pr:GdLiF4 (Pr: GLF) at = 639 nm and of Pr:KYF4 (Pr: KYF) at = 642.5 nm. 相似文献
107.
Inclusion-exclusion: Exact and approximate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is often required to find the probability of the union of givenn eventsA
1
,...,A
n
. The answer is provided, of course, by the inclusion-exclusion formula: Pr(A
i
)=
i
–
i<j
Pr(A
i
A
j
)±.... Unfortunately, this formula has exponentially many terms, and only rarely does one manage to carry out the exact calculation. From a computational point of view, finding the probability of the union is an intractable, #P-hard problem, even in very restricted cases. This state of affairs makes it reasonable to seek approximate solutions that are computationally feasible. Attempts to find such approximate solutions have a long history starting already with Boole [1]. A recent step in this direction was taken by Linial and Nisan [4] who sought approximations to the probability of the union, given the probabilities of allj-wise intersections of the events forj=1,...k. The developed a method to approximate Pr(A
i
), from the above data with an additive error of exp
. In the present article we develop an expression that can be computed in polynomial time, that, given the sums |S|=j
Pr(
iS
A
i
) forj=1,...k, approximates Pr(A
i
) with an additive error of exp
. This error is optimal, up to the logarithmic factor implicit in the
notation.The problem of enumerating satisfying assignments of a boolean formula in DNF formF=v
l
m
C
i
is an instance of the general problem that had been extensively studied [7]. HereA
i
is the set of assignments that satisfyC
i
, and Pr(
iS
A
i
)=a
S
/2n where
iS
C
i
is satisfied bya
S
assignments. Judging from the general results, it is hard to expect a decent approximation ofF's number of satisfying assignments, without knowledge of the numbersa
S
for, say, all cardinalities
. Quite surprisingly, already the numbersa
S
over |S|log(n+1)uniquely determine the number of satisfying assignments for F.We point out a connection between our work and the edge-reconstruction conjecture. Finally we discuss other special instances of the problem, e.g., computing permanents of 0,1 matrices, evaluating chromatic polynomials of graphs and for families of events whose VC dimension is bounded.Work supported in part by a grant of the Binational Israel-US Science Foundation.Work supported in part by a grant of the Binational Israel-US Science Foundation and by the Israel Science Foundation. 相似文献
108.
A. V. Pazhitnov 《K-Theory》1996,10(4):323-412
Let M be a closed connected smooth manifold with dim M=n6, and :
1(M) Z be an epimorphism. Denote by the group ring of
1(M) and let
–
be its Novikov completion. Let D
* be a free-based finitely generated chain complex over
–
. Assume that D
ii=0 for i1 and in–1 and that D
* has the same simple homotopy type as the Novikov-completed simplicial chain complex of the universal covering M. Let N be an integer. We prove that D
* can be realized, up to the terms of
–
of degree N as the Novikov complex of a Morse map : M S
1, belonging to . Applications to Arnold's conjectures and to the theory of fibering of M over S
1 are given. 相似文献
109.
The gauging of free differential algebras (FDA's) produces gauge field theories containing antisymmetric tensors. The FDA's extend the Cartan-Maurer equations of ordinary Lie algebras by incorporating p-form potentials (p>1). We study here the algebra of FDA transformations. To every p-form in the FDA, we associate an extended Lie derivative l generating a corresponding gauge transformation. The field theory based on the FDA is invariant under these new transformations. This gives geometrical meaning to the antisymmetric tensors. The algebra of Lie derivatives is shown to close and provides the dual formulation of FDA's. 相似文献
110.
We realize the
current algebra at an arbitrary level in terms of one deformed free bosonic field and a pair of deformed parafermionic fields. It is shown that the operator product expansions of these parafermionic fields involve an infinite number of simple poles and simple zeros, which then condensate to form a branch cut in the classical limitq1. Our realization coincides with those of Frenkel-Jing and Bernard when the levelk takes the values 1 and 2, respectively. 相似文献