Research on improved reconstruction algorithms of optical tomography based on incomplete data

For reconstructing based on incomplete projection data, an improved max-entropy reconstruction algorithm is presented in this paper. Both least-square and max-entropy are used in this algorithm, and the penalize-function method is used in iterative processing. The numerical simulation of three different tested fields has been done. Compared with conventional three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms, this novel algorithm has a higher reconstruction precision as well as a better astringency, particularly in the case of easy tested field. For the reconstruction of asymmetric complicated tested field, it also has a good result if suitable projective direction and iterative times can be choosen. Finally, the application of this novel algorithm to diagnose the temperature field of arc plasma is presented.     

Metallic foams: Radiative properties/comparison between different models

The aim of this study is to determine the radiative properties, which are the extinction coefficient, the scattering albedo and the scattering phase function, of highly porous open-cell aluminium foam, using more-or-less simple predictive models, and to compare all these models. The radiative properties are predicted using geometric optics laws to model the interaction of radiation with the particles forming the foam. Moreover, the particles forming the foam are large compared with the considered wavelength and are supposed to be sufficiently distant from each other to scatter radiation independently. Thus, the radiative characteristics of the foam can be determined by adding the contributions of each particle. A particular attention is paid on microstructure analysis and modelling. We considered different kinds of cell shapes and struts cross-section, using microscopic and tomographic analysis. Furthermore, a new phase function modelling is presented. Finally, we compare the results of each method with the radiative properties obtained from experimental measurements of directional and hemispherical transmittances and hemispherical reflectance.     

HL-2Aװ�����ط���ά��������������������Ӧ��

在HL-2A的实验中,我们采用了一种像素法二维层析成像分析技术对软X射线进行反演成像。该方法可对等离子体截面软X射线分布提供详细及可视化的研究方法。该二维层析反演方法已经在HL-2A上得到了成功应用,重建了杂质注入过程和双锯齿破裂过程。     

Damage initiation and growth in metals. Comparison between modelling and tomography experiments

Damage in heterogeneous model materials was measured using high-resolution X-ray absorption tomography. The material consisted of an aluminium matrix containing 1% and 4% of spherical ceramic particles acting as nucleation sites for an interface decohesion mechanism of damage. The damage initiation stage was quantified using the global population of particles in the 4% material. A strain path change experiment was then applied to the 1% material. The sample was first deformed in tension in order to create elongated cavities and then compressed at 45^° to rotate and close these cavities. The results of a model based on the Rice and Tracey approach accounting for the presence of particles inside the cavities and calculating their rotation with assuming a linear hardening plastic behaviour of the matrix were compared with the observations. The model was modified to account for the damage initiation phase. It was shown to give a good global prediction of the void volume fraction provided that the physical, mechanical and morphological information are corresponding in the experimental and the model cases. The cavity rotation experiment was also shown to compare well with the calculation although only one cavity was sufficiently opened after compression to allow the comparison.     

Polygonal estimation of planar convex-set perimeter from its two projections

This paper deals with the problem of extracting qualitative and quantitative information from few tomographic projections of an object without reconstructing this object. It focuses on the extraction of quantitative information, precisely the border perimeter estimation for a convex set from horizontal and vertical projections. In the case of a multiple reconstruction, lower and upper bounds for the perimeter are established. In the case of a unique reconstruction, we give conditions and a method for constructing an inscribed polygon in a convex set only from the convex-set projections. An inequality on border perimeter is proved when a convex set is included in another one. The convergence of the polygon perimeter, when the number of vertices increases, is established for such polygons.     

Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of unstable ejection phenomena of droplets for electrohydrodynamic jet

The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet is becoming increasingly popular within industrial printing areas based on phenomena induced by electrical potentials. Regardless of the physical observations of unstable ejection phenomena in regions possessing high electric potential, quantitative visualization is still necessary; no report exists exemplifying quantitative visualization. Thus, the size, shape and position of EHD droplets were reconstructed in this study using developed three-dimensional tomography methods. Two computer-synthesized phantoms for the liquid meniscus containing small satellite droplets were generated according to actual images captured by two high-speed cameras. These droplets were made in order to numerically reconstruct droplet behavior. Four three-dimensional tomography methods, such as the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), the adaptive algebraic reconstruction technique (AART), the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) and the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART), were developed to accurately mimic droplet movement using multiple image views. Four basis functions including the cubic B-spline, cosine, o-Moms and Keys basis functions were adopted in order to improve the performance of the tomographic reconstructions. After completing a comparison of the four tomography results, the MART method in association with the cubic cosine basis function was selected as the means to significantly improve reconstruction accuracy. Additionally, it was the applied method for the reconstruction of the droplet behavior from experimental projections by two cameras.     

颈部低剂量 CT 检查实验及临床应用

目的评价山羊及人体颈部多层螺旋CT的辐射剂量和图像质量，探寻颈部多层螺旋CT的最佳低剂量扫描条件。方法通过 CT机的辐射剂量预测软件并结合文献，选取10组低剂量扫描条件（140kV-50mA、140kV-30mA、120kV-100mA、120kV-50mA、120kV-30mA、90kV-200mA、90kV-150mA、90kV-100mA、90kV-50mA、90kV-30mA）。扫描3只山羊的颈部，采用双盲法对CT图像质量（骨质）进行评分，筛选满足诊断要求的扫描条件。另将180例颈椎CT检查的患者随机分成9组，每组20例，用动物实验筛选出的条件进行扫描，对软组织和骨质CT图像质量进行评分。结果 CT辐射剂量与管电压、管电流变化呈线性正相关；CT辐射剂量变化的斜率随管电压或管电流的增大而增大。除90kV-30mA以外，其他9组扫描条件的骨质图像均能满足诊断要求。人体检查时扫描剂量高者图像质量评分高，各组图像的骨质评分均高于软组织评分。120kV-100mA、90kV-200mA组软组织图像质量良好、骨质图像质量优；140kV-50mA、140kV-30mA、120kV-50mA、90kV-150mA、90kV-100mA组软组织图像基本不影响诊断，骨质图像质量良好；120kV-30mA、90kV-50mA组软组织图像影响诊断，骨质图像基本不影响诊断。结论采用低管电压、相对略高的管电流，能获得满足诊断要求的图像，且辐射剂量更低。颈部CT检查时，满足诊断要求的软组织扫描条件为90kV-100mA，若仅需观察颈部的骨质情况，可选用更低的扫描条件90kV-50mA。     

CT对腹部创伤的临床诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT 在腹部创伤诊断中的临床价值。方法 对132 例腹部创伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者入院后均行CT 和彩色超声检查，以手术诊断结果为金标准对检查结果进行分析。结果 CT 检查对腹部创伤诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为93.67%、97.06%、94.69%；彩色超声检查对腹部创伤诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为86.96%、86.36% 和86.73%；两种检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 CT 对腹部创伤诊断的准确率、灵敏度及特异度都较高，可作为腹部创伤后对实质脏器损伤情况评价的重要影像学检查方法。