时间分辨傅立叶变换红外发射光谱技术研究叔丁基亚硝酸酯的光解动力学

利用时间分辨傅立叶变换红外(TR-FTIR)发射光谱技术对叔丁基亚硝酸酯355 nm激光光解动力学进行研究. 通过对实验观测到的光解产物NO的时间分辨红外发射谱进行分析, 获得了NO的转动温度和相对振动布居, 并发现了振动布居的反转现象. 结合前人的工作, 我们确认了光解产物NO的最大振动布居量子数υ与光解光激发的母体分子N=O伸缩振动的泛频跃迁所涉及的振动量子数υ*之间的关系为υ=υ*-1.     

益智及其种植区土壤中汞含量研究

采用氢化物原子荧光法测定了益智种植区土壤与益智各部位中的痕量汞,比较了HNO3＋HF＋H2O2、HNO3＋HF、HNO3＋HClO43种混酸消解体系的消解效果。结果表明,HNO3＋HF＋H2O2为最佳消解体系;样品加标回收率为93．70％～102．25％;土壤及益智果实、根、茎、叶中汞含量分别为0．3583、0．1632、0．0950、0．0700、0．0747mg·kg^-1,土壤中汞在益智果实、根、茎、叶间的迁移率分别为45．55％、26．51％、19．52％、20．83％,土壤及益智各部位的汞含量均在国家规定标准以内。说明海南益智种植区地理环境良好,未受到汞污染。     

A monoclonal antibody-based time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for chloramphenicol in shrimp and chicken muscle

A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in shrimp and chicken muscle was developed. The method was based on a direct competitive immunoassay using europium-labeled anti-CAP monoclonal antibody (MAb) and CAP-ovalbumin as coated antigen. The limit of detection was 0.05 ng g⁻¹ and limit of quantification was 0.1 ng g⁻¹. Recoveries ranged from 101.2 to 112.5% for shrimp and 104.9 to 115.3% for chicken muscle at spiked levels of 0.1-5 ng g⁻¹, with intra-assay and inter-assay variations 8.7-14.6 and 9.6-17.8%, respectively. The results obtained by the TR-FIA and ELISA correlated well. The established TR-FIA was validated for the determination of incurred shrimp samples and confirmed by gas chromatography with microcell electron capture detector (GC-μECD).     

一种时间分辨激光诱导击穿光谱的测量方法

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种动态光谱。时间分辨LIBS光谱测量是研究激光诱导等离子体演化和谱线自吸收的重要技术。结合激光诱导击穿光谱测量的时序特性,提出一种利用常规性能光谱探测设备获得微秒级时间分辨LIBS光谱的测量方法。通过控制毫秒级光谱探测设备的积分延迟时间,获得不同延时下的LIBS光谱信号,对所得光谱进行处理得到相应特征谱线拟合强度,将所测的特征谱线强度按照一定的时间间隔进行差分,得到差值即为差分间隔时间内特征谱线的积分强度。采用差分时间间隔应大于系统最差时序精度,同时优选无重叠干扰和背底连续的谱线信号进行分析。以等离子体产生后持续时间为横坐标,计算所得谱线差值强度为纵坐标,即可获得特征谱线的强度演化曲线。通过实验验证,使用积分时间为毫秒量级光谱仪和时序精度为0.021微秒控制系统,该方法可以实现微秒量级时间分辨LIBS光谱测量,可用于表征LIBS光谱特征谱线演化过程,降低了LIBS光谱时间分辨测量系统成本。     

A study on coherent structures and drag-reduction in the wall turbulence with polymer additives by TRPIV

An experimental measurement was performed using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TRPIV) to investigate the spatial topological character of coherent structures in wall-bounded turbulence of polymer additive solution. The fully developed near-wall turbulent flow fields with and without polymer additives at the same Reynolds number were measured by TRPIV in a water channel. The comparisons of turbulent statistics confirm that due to viscoelastic structure of long-chain polymers, the wall-normal velocity fluctuation and Reynolds shear stress in the near-wall region are suppressed significantly. Furthermore, it is noted that such a behavior of polymers is closely related to the decease of the motion of the second and forth quadrants, i.e., the ejection and sweep events, in the near-wall region. The spatial topological mode of coherent structures during bursts has been extracted by the new mu-level criteria based on locally averaged velocity structure function. Although the general shapes of coherent structures are unchanged by polymer additives, the fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, velocity strain rate and vorticity of coherent structures during burst events are suppressed in the polymer additive solution compared with that in water. The results show that due to the polymer additives the occurrence and intensity of coherent structures are suppressed, leading to drag reduction.     

Oscillations of the fluid flow and the free surface in a cavity with a submerged bifurcated nozzle

The free surface dynamics and sub-surface flow behavior in a thin (height and width much larger than thickness), liquid filled, rectangular cavity with a submerged bifurcated nozzle were investigated using free surface visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Three regimes in the free surface behavior were identified, depending on nozzle depth and inlet velocity. For small nozzle depths, an irregular free surface is observed without clear periodicities. For intermediate nozzle depths and sufficiently high inlet velocities, natural mode oscillations consistent with gravity waves are present, while at large nozzle depths long term self-sustained asymmetric oscillations occur.For the latter case, time-resolved PIV measurements of the flow below the free surface indicated a strong oscillation of the direction with which each of the two jets issue from the nozzle. The frequency of the jet oscillation is identical to the free surface oscillation frequency. The two jets oscillate in anti-phase, causing the asymmetric free surface oscillation. The jets interact through a cross-flow in the gaps between the inlet channel and the front and back walls of the cavity.     

血流控制下时间门的人体血液参数无创检测研究

为了进一步提高人体血液成分无创伤测量的精度,从而达到临床的要求,提出了人体血液成分无创伤测量的一种新方法,这种方法是在血流受阻条件下,基于动力双波长时间分辨透射测量,将先进的时间门技术和拉普拉斯变换方法结合起来,对人体血液成分进行无创伤测量。该理论模拟了利用该方法在体测量人体血液参数,模拟结果显示当p>0, 强调早期到达的光子的贡献时,能提高人体血液参数的检测灵敏度。     

维生素C对菲醌三重激发态的淬灭机理及动力学研究

Time-resolved electron spin resonance has been used to study quenching reactions between the antioxidant Vitamin C (VC) and the triplet excited states of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PAQ) in ethylene glycol-water (EG-H₂O) homogeneous and inhomogeneous reversed micelle solutions. Reversed micelle solutions were used to be the models of physiological environment of biological cell and tissue. In PAQ/EG-H₂O homogeneous solution, the excited triplet of PAQ (³PAQ*) abstracts hydrogen atom from solvent EG. In PAQ/VC/EG-H₂O solution, ³PAQ* abstracts hydrogen atom not only from solvent EG but also from VC. The quenching rate constant of ³PAQ* by VC is close to the diffusion-controlled value of 1.41×10⁸ L/(mol·s). In hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/EG-H₂O and aerosol OT (AOT)/EG-H₂O reversed micelle solutions, ³PAQ* and VC react around the water-oil interface of the reversed micelle. Exit of ³PAQ* from the lipid phase slows down the quenching reaction. For Triton X-100 (TX-100)/EG-H₂O reversed micelle solution, PAQ and VC coexist inside the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol core, and the quenching rate constant of ³PAQ* by VC is larger than those in AOT/EG-H₂O and CTAB/EG-H₂O reversed micelle solutions, even a little larger than that in EG-H₂O homogeneous solution. The strong emissive chemically in-duced dynamic electron polarization of As^- resulted from the effective TM spin polarization transfer in hydrogen abstraction of ³PAQ* from VC.     

葡萄球菌核酸酶蛋白的时间分辨荧光与热力学特性

葡萄球菌核酸酶(SNase)是一种小型球状蛋白,其变体常用来研究蛋白质的折叠过程。不同于之前报道的研究方法和技术手段,采用时间相关单光子计数(TCSPC)及飞秒荧光上转换技术,结合紫外吸收谱和稳态荧光光谱,研究了SNase蛋白变体Δ+PHS和Δ+PHS+I92A的荧光动力学,以及不同温度下蛋白结构与热稳定性的关系,证明蛋白质内色氨酸残基可作为一种内源性探针对蛋白变体的结构折叠和热稳定性进行印证和研究。衰减相关光谱(DAS)表明了两种变体随温度变化的不同趋势,在此基础上进一步分析了这两种变体的结构折叠及热稳定性的差异。皮秒时间分辨发射光谱(TRES)显示色氨酸残基存在0.5 ns的连续光谱弛豫过程,而光谱移动量可作为SNase变体蛋白结构紧密程度的判断依据。飞秒上转换数据分析结果中,0.5 ps的DAS在光谱蓝端为正、红端为负,表明了色氨酸残基受到弛豫效应的影响。200 ps的寿命则说明色氨酸残基与周围猝灭基团之间存在电子转移过程。时间分辨荧光各向异性(anisotropy)的分析结果则说明了色氨酸残基在蛋白质体系内具有独立的局部运动,且其强弱与变体的热稳定性和热运动的整体效果有关。测量和分析色氨酸残基的时间分辨荧光性质为深入研究SNase蛋白的结构和功能提供了新的思路。     

多环芳烃时间分辨荧光光谱特性研究

利用时间分辨荧光光谱技术,研究了菲、荧蒽、芴、蒽、芘等五种多环芳烃的荧光时间分辨发射光谱特性。以289 nm受激拉曼光作为激发光源,研究了289 nm激发光作用下五种多环芳烃的延时特性和门宽特性。并以多环芳烃随延时时间的荧光峰强度衰减关系曲线,得到菲、荧蒽、芴、芘的荧光寿命分别为37.0, 32.7, 10.9, 147.0 ns。不同荧光物质具有特定的荧光光谱特性,多环芳烃时间分辨荧光光谱特性的研究可以为复杂水体中不同种类多环芳烃的诊断提供依据。